{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T13:26:31Z","timestamp":1773408391933,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,11]],"date-time":"2013-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1381449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005289","name":"Provincial Secretariat for Science and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["APV3802\/2011-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APV3802\/2011-12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quinolone\u2010resistant <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>almonella<\/jats:italic> Infantis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a064) isolated from human stool samples, food and poultry during the years 2006\u20132011 were analysed for their resistance phenotypes, macrorestriction patterns and molecular mechanisms of decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MICs<\/jats:styled-content>) of nalidixic acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAL<\/jats:styled-content>) and ciprofloxacin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIP<\/jats:styled-content>) were determined by the agar dilution procedure, and the susceptibility to additional antimicrobial agents was determined by the disc diffusion method. To assess the influence of enhanced efflux activity, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MICs<\/jats:styled-content> were determined in the presence and absence of the inhibitor <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PA\u03b2N<\/jats:styled-content>. The results of pulsed\u2010field gel electrophoresis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFGE<\/jats:styled-content>) typing revealed that quinolone\u2010resistant <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0Infantis in Serbia had similar or indistinguishable <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFGE<\/jats:styled-content> profiles, suggesting a clonal spread. All <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0Infantis showed combined resistance to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAL<\/jats:styled-content> and tetracycline, whereas multiple drug resistance to three or more antibiotic classes was rare (2 isolates of human origin). The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MICs<\/jats:styled-content> ranged between 512 and 1024\u00a0\u03bcg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content> for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAL<\/jats:styled-content> and 0.125\u20132\u00a0\u03bcg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content> for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIP<\/jats:styled-content>. A single\u2010point mutation in the gene <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic> leading to a Ser83\u2192Tyr exchange was detected in all isolates, and a second exchange (Ser80\u2192Arg) in the gene <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic> was only present in eight <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>. Infantis isolates exhibiting slightly higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MICs<\/jats:styled-content> of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIP<\/jats:styled-content> (2\u00a0\u03bcg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>). The inhibitor <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PA\u03b2N<\/jats:styled-content> decreased the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content> values of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIP<\/jats:styled-content> by two dilution steps and of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAL<\/jats:styled-content> by at minimum 3\u20136 dilution steps, indicating that enhanced efflux plays an important role in quinolone resistance in these isolates. The plasmid\u2010mediated genes <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> aac(6\u2032)\u2010lb\u2010cr<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>qepA<\/jats:italic> were not detected by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> assays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T06:09:29Z","timestamp":1381558169000},"page":"364-370","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Clonal Spread of <i><scp>S<\/scp>almonella enterica<\/i> Serovar Infantis in <scp>S<\/scp>erbia: Acquisition of Mutations in the Topoisomerase Genes <i>gyrA<\/i> and <i>parC<\/i> Leads to Increased Resistance to Fluoroquinolones"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Velhner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Veterinary Institute \u2018Novi Sad\u2019 Novi Sad Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Kozoderovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina Novi Sad Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Grego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health of Serbia \u2018Dr Milan Jovanovi\u0107 Batut\u2019 Belgrade Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Gali\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health of Serbia \u2018Dr Milan Jovanovi\u0107 Batut\u2019 Belgrade Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Stojanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Veterinary Institute \u2018Novi Sad\u2019 Novi Sad Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Jelesi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina Novi Sad Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Kehrenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00997-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard\u2010Ninth Edition","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty\u2010Second Informational Supplement","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests; Approved Standard\u2010Eleventh Edition. 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