{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:13:05Z","timestamp":1740147185927,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,27]],"date-time":"2013-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2006-01227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2006-01227"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The goal of our study was to use spatial scan statics to determine whether the night roosts of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>uropean starlings (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>turnus vulgaris<\/jats:italic>) act as point sources for the dissemination of<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>scherichia coli<\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>157:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>7 among dairy farms. From 2007 to 2009, we collected bovine faecal samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a09000) and starling gastrointestinal contents (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0430) from 150 dairy farms in northeastern<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>hio,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">USA<\/jats:styled-content>. Isolates of<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>157:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>7 recovered from these samples were subtyped using multilocus variable\u2010number tandem repeat analysis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLVA<\/jats:styled-content>). Generated<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLVA<\/jats:styled-content>types were used to construct a dendrogram based on a categorical multistate coefficient and unweighted pair\u2010group method with arithmetic mean (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UPGMA<\/jats:styled-content>). Using a focused spatial scan statistic, we identified statistically significant spatial clusters among dairy farms surrounding starling night roosts, with an increased prevalence of<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>157:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>7\u2010positive bovine faecal pats, increased diversity of distinguishable<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLVA<\/jats:styled-content>types and a greater number of isolates with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLVA<\/jats:styled-content>types from bovine\u2010starling clades versus bovine\u2010only clades. Thus, our findings are compatible with the hypothesis that starlings have a role in the dissemination of<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>157:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>7 among dairy farms, and further research into starling management is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,27]],"date-time":"2013-11-27T12:05:56Z","timestamp":1385553956000},"page":"427-435","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Spatial Epidemiology of<i><scp>E<\/scp>scherichia coli<\/i><scp>O<\/scp>157:<scp>H<\/scp>7 in Dairy Cattle in Relation to Night Roosts Of<i><scp>S<\/scp>turnus vulgaris<\/i>(<scp>E<\/scp>uropean Starling) in<scp>O<\/scp>hio,<scp>USA<\/scp>(2007\u20132009)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"A. L.","family":"Swirski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. L.","family":"Pearl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. L.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Animal Health Research Program Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center (OARDC) The Ohio State University Wooster OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. J.","family":"Homan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Bismarck ND USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. M.","family":"Linz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Bismarck ND USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Cernicchiaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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