{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T20:14:06Z","timestamp":1774556046619,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,17]],"date-time":"2014-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZCL<\/jats:styled-content>), a vector\u2010borne disease, poses serious psychological as well as social and economic burden to many rural areas of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>ran. The main objectives of this study were to analyse yearly spatial distribution and the possible spatial and spatio\u2010temporal clusters of the disease to better understand spatio\u2010temporal epidemiological aspects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZCL<\/jats:styled-content> in rural areas of an endemic province, located in north\u2010east of Iran. Cross\u2010sectional survey was performed on 2983 recorded cases during the period of 2010\u20132012 at village level throughout the study area. Global clustering methods including the average nearest\u2010neighbour distance, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>oran's <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>, general <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic> indices and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>ipley's K\u2010function were applied to investigate the annual spatial distribution of the existing point patterns. Presence of spatial and spatio\u2010temporal clusters was investigated using the spatial and space\u2013time scan statistics. For each year, semivariogram analysis and all global clustering methods indicated meaningful persistent spatial autocorrelation and highly clustered distribution of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZCL<\/jats:styled-content>, respectively. Eight significant spatial clusters, mainly located in north and northeast of the province, and one space\u2013time cluster, observed in northern part of the province and during the period of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>eptember 2010\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ovember 2010, were detected. Comparison of the location of ZCL clusters with environmental conditions of the study area showed that 97.8% of cases in clusters were located at low altitudes below 725\u00a0m above sea level with predominantly arid and semi\u2010arid climates and poor socio\u2010economic conditions. The identified clusters highlight high\u2010risk areas requiring special plans and resources for more close monitoring and control of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,17]],"date-time":"2014-03-17T06:38:50Z","timestamp":1395038330000},"page":"18-28","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Geographic Information System\u2010Based Analysis of the Spatial and Spatio\u2010Temporal Distribution of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Golestan Province, North\u2010East of Iran"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Mollalo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geo\u2010spatial Information System (GIS) Center of Excellence in GIS K. N. Toosi University of Technology Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Alimohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geo\u2010spatial Information System (GIS) Center of Excellence in GIS K. N. Toosi University of Technology Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. R.","family":"Shirzadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Iran Ministry of Health &amp; Medical Education Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. R.","family":"Malek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geo\u2010spatial Information System (GIS) Center of Excellence in GIS K. N. 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