{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:02:14Z","timestamp":1790744534902,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]],"date-time":"2014-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urban brown rats (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>attus norvegicus<\/jats:italic>) carry microbial human pathogens but their role as reservoir hosts for helminths of public health importance is less well known. In this study, 42 brown rats trapped on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>erseyside were subject to thorough combined helminthological and pathohistological post\u2010mortem examination. Eggs of the rodent\u2010borne zoonotic nematode <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>alodium hepaticum<\/jats:italic> were initially detected in histological sections of the livers of 9.5% of rats, but overall diagnostic sensitivity increased to 16.6% when entire liver tissue was disrupted and the resulting filtrates were examined for released eggs. In their rat host, mainly trapped inside the dockland, infections with <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0hepaticum<\/jats:italic> were associated with a chronic multifocal pyogranulomatous hepatitis with intralesional eggs and peripheral fibrosis. Mean intensity of hepatic <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0hepaticum<\/jats:italic> egg infections was 1041 eggs. This is the first report of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0hepaticum<\/jats:italic> in an urban brown rat population in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content> and provides original data for liver egg burdens in this abundant commensal rodent. The zoonotic cestode <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>odentolepis nana<\/jats:italic> had a prevalence of infection of 14.3%. Rodent\u2010specific, non\u2010zoonotic helminths found were the spiruroid <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>astophorus muris<\/jats:italic> (16.0%) in the stomach, the trichuroid <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>richosomoides crassicauda<\/jats:italic> in the urinary bladder (31.0%); the ascarid <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>eterakis spumosa<\/jats:italic> was the commonest helminth of the large intestine (76.2%). Many millions of brown rats inhabit cities and rural areas of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content>, and the infective stages of the zoonotic worm species, particularly <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0hepaticum,<\/jats:italic> are likely to be widely distributed in the environment presenting a threat to public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]],"date-time":"2014-03-24T18:49:25Z","timestamp":1395686965000},"page":"44-52","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Zoonotic Helminths of Urban <scp>B<\/scp>rown Rats (<i><scp>R<\/scp>attus norvegicus<\/i>) in the <scp>UK<\/scp>: Neglected Public Health Considerations?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"J. 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