{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:36:41Z","timestamp":1791236201747,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,17]],"date-time":"2014-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>A serosurvey of antibodies against selected flaviviruses and alphaviruses in 384 bats (representing 10 genera and 14 species) was conducted in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>aribbean island of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>rinidad. Sera were analysed using epitope\u2010blocking enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>s) specific for antibodies against<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>est<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ile virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WNV<\/jats:styled-content>), Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEEV<\/jats:styled-content>) and eastern equine encephalitis virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEEV<\/jats:styled-content>), all of which are zoonotic viruses of public health significance in the region. Overall, the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>s resulted in the detection of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEEV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010specific antibodies in 11 (2.9%) of 384 bats. Antibodies to<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WNV<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEEV<\/jats:styled-content>were not detected in any sera. Of the 384 sera, 308 were also screened using hemagglutination inhibition assay (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIA<\/jats:styled-content>) for antibodies to the aforementioned viruses as well as<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>t.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>ouis encephalitis virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLEV<\/jats:styled-content>; which also causes epidemic disease in humans),<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>io<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>ravo virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBV<\/jats:styled-content>), Tamana bat virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TABV<\/jats:styled-content>) and western equine encephalitis virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WEEV<\/jats:styled-content>). Using this approach, antibodies to<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TABV<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBV<\/jats:styled-content>were detected in 47 (15.3%) and 3 (1.0%) bats, respectively.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIA<\/jats:styled-content>results also suggest the presence of antibodies to an undetermined flavivirus(es) in 8 (2.6%) bats. Seropositivity for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TABV<\/jats:styled-content>was significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05; \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) associated with bat species, location and feeding preference, and for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEEV<\/jats:styled-content>with roost type and location. Differences in prevalence rates between urban and rural locations were statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05; \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TABV<\/jats:styled-content>only. None of the aforementioned factors was significantly associated with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBV<\/jats:styled-content>seropositivity rates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,17]],"date-time":"2014-04-17T11:08:42Z","timestamp":1397732922000},"page":"53-60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Seroepidemiology of Selected Alphaviruses and Flaviviruses in Bats in Trinidad"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"N. N.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine The University of the West Indies St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Auguste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pre\u2010Clinical Sciences The University of the West Indies St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago"},{"name":"Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Center for Tropical Diseases University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. P. A.","family":"Travassos da Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Center for Tropical Diseases University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. V. 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