{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:25:00Z","timestamp":1792787100153,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,28]],"date-time":"2014-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ZonMw\/WOTRO (The Netherlands)","award":["205100012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["205100012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Antimicrobials are used extensively in chicken production in Vietnam, but to date no quantitative data are available. A 2012\u20132013 survey of 208 chicken farms in Tien Giang province, stratified by size (10\u2013200 chickens; &gt;200\u20132000), was carried out to describe and quantify the use of antibacterial antimicrobials (usage per week per chicken and usage per 1000 chickens produced) in the Mekong Delta and to investigate factors associated with usage. Twenty\u2010eight types of antimicrobial belonging to 10 classes were reported. Sixty\u2010three per cent of all commercial formulations contained at least two antimicrobials. On 84% occasions, antimicrobials were administered with a prophylactic purpose. The overall adjusted quantities of antimicrobials used\/week\/chicken and per 1000 chickens produced (g) were 26.36\u00a0mg (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.54) and 690.4\u00a0g (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u00a0\u00b1\u00a0203.6), respectively. Polypeptides, tetracyclines, penicillins and aminoglycosides were the antimicrobials used by most farms (18.6% farms, 17.5%, 11.3% and 10.1% farms, respectively), whereas penicillins, lincosamides, quinolones, and sulphonamides\/trimethoprim were quantitatively the most used compounds (8.27, 5.2, 3.16 and 2.78\u00a0mg per week per chicken, respectively). Factors statistically associated with higher levels of usage (per week per chicken) were meat farms (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a01.40) and farms run by a male farmer (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a02.0). All\u2010in\u2010all\u2010out farming systems (correlated with medium farms) were associated with reduced levels of antimicrobial usage (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.68). Usage levels to produced meat chickens were considerably higher than those reported in European countries. This should trigger the implementation of surveillance programmes to monitor sales of antimicrobials that should contribute to the rational administration of antimicrobials in order to preserve the efficacy of existing antimicrobials in Vietnam.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,28]],"date-time":"2014-11-28T11:54:50Z","timestamp":1417175690000},"page":"70-78","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["Antimicrobial Usage in Chicken Production in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Juan J","family":"Carrique\u2010Mas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen V.","family":"Trung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngo T.","family":"Hoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho Huynh","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sub\u2010Department of Animal Health Ly Thuong Kiet Tien Giang Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuyen H.","family":"Thanh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James I.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaap A.","family":"Wagenaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Hardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Social Science and Global Health University of Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thai Quoc","family":"Hieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sub\u2010Department of Animal Health Ly Thuong Kiet Tien Giang Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constance","family":"Schultsz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Global Health \u2010 Amsterdam Institute of Global Health and Development University of Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(99)80064-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Review of The Livestock Sector in the Mekong Countries","author":"Anon.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Anon. 2004b:Second Joint FAO\/OIE\/WHO Expert Workshop on Non\u2010Human Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance: Management options (15\u201318 March 2004 Oslo Norway).http:\/\/www.who.int\/gfn\/links\/en\/WHO_CDS_CPE_ZFK_2004.8.pdf(accessed 1 October 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Anon. 2007:Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine: Categorization for the Development of Risk Management Strategies to contain Antimicrobial Resistance due to Non\u2010Human Antimicrobial Use. 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Available at:http:\/\/www.chinhphu.vn\/portal\/page\/portal\/chinhphu\/bonganh\/bonongnghiepvaphattriennongthon\/vanban?orgId=16&title=V%C4%83n+b%E1%BA%A3n+quy+ph%E1%BA%A1m+ph%C3%A1p+lu%E1%BA%ADt&classId=1&view=detail&documentId=101021(Accessed on 19 December 2013)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813002410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02975-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Veterinary Epidemiologic Research","author":"Dohoo I.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"2010 Center for Disease Dynamics Economics and Policy Washington DC GARP E. a. P. 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