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Total of 450 Shigatoxigenic\n                    <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) strains isolated from humans, animals and environment in Finland were examined by multiplex\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    targeting the virulence genes of various\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    pathogroups simultaneously. One per cent (3\/291) of the human\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and 14% (22\/159) of the animal and environmental\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    had genes typically present in enterotoxigenic\n                    <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ETEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ). The strains possessed genes encoding both Shiga toxin 1 and\/or 2 (\n                    <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    and\/or\n                    <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ETEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010specific heat\u2010stable (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ST<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) enterotoxin Ia (\n                    <jats:italic>estIa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). The identified\n                    <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n                    subtypes were\n                    <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>1a<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>1c<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>2a<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>2d<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>2g<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    . The three human\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ETEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    strains were isolated from the patients with haemolytic uraemic syndrome and diarrhoea and from an asymptomatic carrier. The animal\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ETEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    strains were isolated from cattle and moose. The human and animal\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ETEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    strains belonged to 11 serotypes, of which O2:H27, O15:H16, O101:H\u2010, O128:H8 and O141:H8 have previously been described to be associated with human disease. Identification of multiple virulence genes offers further information for assessing the virulence potential of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and other\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . The emergence of novel hybrid pathogens should be taken into account in the patient care and epidemiological surveillance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,9]],"date-time":"2015-01-09T01:10:53Z","timestamp":1420765853000},"page":"518-524","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Hybrids of Shigatoxigenic and Enterotoxigenic\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    (\n                    <scp>STEC<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>ETEC<\/scp>\n                    ) Among Human and Animal Isolates in Finland"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"O.","family":"Nyholm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Unit National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Heinikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Bacteriology Research Unit Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Pelkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Bacteriology Research Unit Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Hallanvuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Feed Microbiology Research Unit Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Haukka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Unit National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Food and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Siitonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Unit National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-009-0720-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-010-9757-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-2508(93)90036-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70165-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201303133"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2553","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.6.2553-2561.1998","article-title":"Evolution of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli hemolysin plasmids and the locus for enterocyte effacement in Shiga toxin\u2010producing E.\u00a0coli","volume":"66","author":"Boerlin P.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect. 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