{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T11:07:24Z","timestamp":1787828844602,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]],"date-time":"2016-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007456","name":"Canine Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The role of dogs in the transmission of <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic> to humans is uncertain, and extensive seroprevalence studies of dogs have not been previously conducted in Australia. This study determined <jats:italic>C.\u00a0burnetii<\/jats:italic> exposure in four diverse canine subpopulations by adapting, verifying and comparing an indirect immunofluoresence assay (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFA<\/jats:styled-content>) and an enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>) used to detect anti\u2010<jats:italic>C.\u00a0burnetii<\/jats:italic> antibodies in humans. Canine serum samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01223) were tested with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFA<\/jats:styled-content> from four subpopulations [breeding establishments; household pets; free\u2010roaming dogs in Aboriginal communities; shelter dogs]. The proportions of seropositive dogs were as follows: breeding (7\/309, 2.3%), household pets (10\/328, 3%), Aboriginal communities (21\/321, 6.5%) and shelters (5\/265, 1.9%). Dogs from Aboriginal communities were 2.8 times (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.5\u20135.1; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001) more likely to be seropositive than dogs from other populations. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content> was used on 86 of 1223 sera tested with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFA<\/jats:styled-content>, and a Cohen's Kappa coefficient of 0.60 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.43\u20130.78) indicated good agreement between the two assays. This study has established that Australian dogs within all four subpopulations have been exposed to <jats:italic>C.\u00a0burnetii<\/jats:italic> and that a higher seroprevalence was observed amongst free\u2010roaming dogs associated with Aboriginal communities. As <jats:italic>C.\u00a0burnetii<\/jats:italic> recrudesces during pregnancy and birth products contain the highest concentration of organism, individuals assisting at the time of parturition, those handling pups shortly after birth as well as those residing in the vicinity of whelping dogs are potentially at risk of developing Q fever. However, the identification of active antigen shed in excreta from seropositive dogs is required in order to accurately define and quantify the public health risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]],"date-time":"2016-01-05T11:23:19Z","timestamp":1451992999000},"page":"458-466","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Seroprevalence of <i>Coxiella burnetii<\/i> in Australian dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"A. J.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Heller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal &amp; Veterinary Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal &amp; Veterinary Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga NSW Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Veterinary Education University of Sydney  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. L.","family":"Bosward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Camden NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01647731"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"Q fever: a zoonosis","volume":"5","author":"Babudieri B.","year":"1959","journal-title":"Adv Vet Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.47.2.127-149.1983","article-title":"Q\u2010fever and Coxiella burnetii \u2010 a model for host\u2010parasite interactions","volume":"47","author":"Baca O. G.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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