{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T04:26:33Z","timestamp":1696047993706},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,9]],"date-time":"2016-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. are important causes of bacterial zoonosis, most often transmitted by contaminated poultry meat. From an epidemiological and risk assessment perspective, further knowledge should be obtained on <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> prevalence and genotype distribution in primary production. Consequently, 15 Austrian broiler flocks were surveyed in summer for their thermophilic <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. contamination status. Chicken droppings, dust and drinking water samples were collected from each flock at three separate sampling periods. Isolates were confirmed by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> and subtyped. We also compared three alternative methods (culture\u2010based enrichment in Bolton broth, culture\u2010independent real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> and a lateral\u2010flow test) for their applicability in chicken droppings. Twelve flocks were found to be positive for thermophilic <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. during the entire sampling period. Seven flocks (46.6%) were contaminated with both, <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. coli,<\/jats:italic> five flocks harboured solely one species. We observed to a majority flock\u2010specific <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. coli<\/jats:italic> genotypes, which dominated the respective flock. Flocks within a distance &lt;2\u00a0km shared the same <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic> genotypes indicating a cross\u2010contamination event via the environment or personnel vectors. Multilocus sequence typing (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLST<\/jats:styled-content>) of <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic> revealed that the majority of isolates were assigned to globally distributed clonal complexes or had a strong link to the human interface (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC ST<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010446 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ST<\/jats:styled-content>4373). The combination of techniques poses an advantage over risk assessment studies based on cultures alone, as, in the case of <jats:italic>Campylobacter,<\/jats:italic> occurrence of a high variety of genotypes might be present among a broiler flock. We suggest applying the lateral\u2010flow test under field conditions to identify \u2018high\u2010shedding\u2019 broiler flocks at the farm level. Consequently, poultry farmers and veterinarians could improve hygiene measurements and direct sanitation activities, especially during the thinning period. Ultimately, real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> could be applied to quantify <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. directly from chicken droppings and avoid non\u2010interpretable results achieved by culture\u2010dependent methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,10]],"date-time":"2016-04-10T18:45:21Z","timestamp":1460313921000},"page":"588-599","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Combined <i>Campylobacter jejuni<\/i> and <i>Campylobacter coli<\/i> Rapid Testing and Molecular Epidemiology in Conventional Broiler Flocks"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Schallegger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology, and Food Science University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Veterinary Laboratory 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