{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T09:08:41Z","timestamp":1790413721177,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]],"date-time":"2016-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"La rabbia Silvestre nel nord-est: monitoraggio e valutazione dell'efficacia delle misure di profilassi in animali e in lavoratori a rischio"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current European Union (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EU<\/jats:styled-content>) legislation decrees that pets entering the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EU<\/jats:styled-content> from a rabies\u2010infected third country have to obtain a satisfactory virus\u2010neutralizing antibody level, while those moving within the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EU<\/jats:styled-content> require only rabies vaccination as the risk of moving a rabid pet within the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EU<\/jats:styled-content> is considered negligible. A number of factors driving individual variations in dog vaccine response have been previously reported, including a high rate of vaccine failure in puppies, especially those subject to commercial transport. A total of 21\u00a0001 observations collected from dogs (2006\u20132012) vaccinated in compliance with the current <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EU<\/jats:styled-content> regulations were statistically analysed to assess the effect of different risk factors related to rabies vaccine efficacy. Within this framework, we were able to compare the vaccination failure rate in a group of dogs entering the Italian border from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EU<\/jats:styled-content> and non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EU<\/jats:styled-content> countries to those vaccinated in Italy prior to international travel. Our analysis identified that cross\u2010breeds and two breed categories showed high vaccine success rates, while Beagles and Boxers were the least likely to show a successful response to vaccination (88.82% and 90.32%, respectively). Our analysis revealed diverse performances among the commercially available vaccines, in terms of serological peak windows, and marked differences according to geographical area. Of note, we found a higher vaccine failure rate in imported dogs (13.15%) than in those vaccinated in Italy (5.89%). Our findings suggest that the choice of vaccine may influence the likelihood of an animal achieving a protective serological level and that time from vaccination to sampling should be considered when interpreting serological results. A higher vaccine failure in imported compared to Italian dogs highlights the key role that border controls still have in assessing the full compliance of pet movements with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EU<\/jats:styled-content> legislation to minimize the risk of rabies being reintroduced into a disease\u2010free area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]],"date-time":"2016-05-06T16:56:42Z","timestamp":1462553802000},"page":"146-155","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Rabies Vaccination: Higher Failure Rates in Imported Dogs than in those Vaccinated in Italy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Rota Nodari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Animal\u2010Human Interface Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie Legnaro (PD) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Mancin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health and Risk Analysis Department Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie Legnaro (PD) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"De Nardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Animal\u2010Human Interface Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie Legnaro (PD) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Hudson\u2010Cooke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College Hatfield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Veggiato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Animal\u2010Human Interface Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie Legnaro (PD) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Cattoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Animal\u2010Human Interface Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie Legnaro (PD) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"De Benedictis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Animal\u2010Human Interface Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie Legnaro (PD) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-53-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"789","article-title":"D\u00e9fault de r\u00e9action immunitaire du chien apr\u00e8s vaccination contre la rage. Etude d'un cas. Cons\u00e9quence","volume":"159","author":"Blancou J.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Rec. M\u00e9d. V\u00e9t."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(97)00212-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.22.3.1437"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2014.921570"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2007.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2009.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"De Benedictis P. C.Veggiato L.Selli W. G.Dundon andI.Capua 2008:Frontier control sampling indicates insufficient compliance to international rabies regulation. 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