{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T07:13:05Z","timestamp":1772089985231,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,13]],"date-time":"2016-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Zoonotic <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> infections cause approximately 130\u00a0000 illnesses annually in the United States. Of 72.9 million <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> households owning at least one pet, five million own small mammals; 3000 hedgehogs were documented by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">USDA<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">USDA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010licensed breeding facilities and pet stores in 2012. State health department collaborators and PulseNet, the national bacterial subtyping network, identified human infections of a <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Typhimurium outbreak strain, which were investigated by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDC<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> USDA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APHIS<\/jats:styled-content> and state public and animal health officials. A case was defined as an illness in a person infected with the outbreak strain identified between 1 December 2011 and 3 June 2013. Investigators collected information on patient exposures, cultured animal and environmental specimens for <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>, and conducted traceback investigations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">USDA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010licensed hedgehog facilities. There were 26 cases in 12 states. Illness onset dates ranged from 26 December 2011 to 8 April 2013. The median patient age was 15\u00a0years (range\u00a0=\u00a0&lt;1\u201391\u00a0years); 58% were female. Among 23 persons with available information, 8 (35%) were hospitalized and one outbreak strain<jats:italic>\u2010<\/jats:italic>associated death was reported. Of 25 patients with available information, 20 (80%) reported pet hedgehog contact in the week before illness onset. The outbreak strain was isolated from animal and environmental samples collected from three ill persons\u2019 homes in three states. Hedgehogs were purchased in geographically distant states from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">USDA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010licensed breeders (10\/17, 59%); a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">USDA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010licensed pet store (1\/17,\u00a06%); unlicensed or unknown status breeders (3\/17, 18%); and private individuals (3\/17, 18%). Traceback investigations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">USDA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010licensed facilities did not reveal a single source of infection. Public and animal health collaboration linked pet hedgehog contact to human infections of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Typhimurium, highlighting the importance of a One Health investigative approach to zoonotic salmonellosis outbreaks. More efforts are needed to increase awareness among multiple stakeholders on the risk of illness associated with pet hedgehogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,13]],"date-time":"2016-10-13T23:40:21Z","timestamp":1476402021000},"page":"290-298","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Multistate Outbreak of Human <i>Salmonella<\/i> Typhimurium Infections Linked to Pet Hedgehogs \u2013 United States, 2011\u20132013"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"T. C.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Marsden\u2010Haug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communicable Disease Epidemiology Washington State Department of Health Shoreline WA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. F.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Culpepper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Bessette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. K.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association of Public Health Laboratories Silver Spring MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Bidol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Epidemiology and Population Health Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Michigan Department of Community Health prior to May 2015) Lansing MI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Prevention, and Control Division Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Care Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Riverdale MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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