{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T04:42:01Z","timestamp":1768970521160,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,12]],"date-time":"2016-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mass vaccination of dogs against rabies is a highly rational strategy for interrupting the natural transmission of urban rabies. According to the World Organization for Animal Health (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OIE<\/jats:styled-content>) and the World Health Organization (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO<\/jats:styled-content>), the immunization of at least 70% of the total dog population minimizes the risk of endemic rabies. Knowledge of the virus\u2010neutralizing antibody (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VNA<\/jats:styled-content>) level against the rabies virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RABV<\/jats:styled-content>) is required to evaluate protective immunity and vaccine coverage of dogs in the field. The rapid focus fluorescent inhibition test (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RFFIT<\/jats:styled-content>) and the fluorescent antibody virus neutralization (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAVN<\/jats:styled-content>) test are recommended by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OIE<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO<\/jats:styled-content> to determine the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VNA<\/jats:styled-content> levels in serum. However, these tests are cell culture based and require the use of live viruses and specialized equipment. The rapid neutralizing antibody test (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAPINA<\/jats:styled-content>) is a novel, immunochromatographic test that uses inactivated virus to estimate the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VNA<\/jats:styled-content> level qualitatively. It is a simple, rapid and inexpensive, although indirect, assay for the detection of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VNA<\/jats:styled-content> levels. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAPINA<\/jats:styled-content> has shown good positive and negative predictive values and a high concordance with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RFFIT<\/jats:styled-content> results. In this study, we compared the performance of the two tests for evaluating the vaccination status of dogs in the Philippines, Thailand and Japan. A total of 1135 dog sera were analysed by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAPINA<\/jats:styled-content> and compared to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VNA<\/jats:styled-content> levels determined by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RFFIT<\/jats:styled-content>. The overall positive and negative predictive values of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAPINA<\/jats:styled-content> were 96.2\u201399.3% and 84.5\u201394.8%, respectively, with a concordance (kappa) of 0.946\u20130.97 among the three countries. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAPINA<\/jats:styled-content> results were highly homologous and reproducible among different laboratories. These results suggest that this test is appropriate to survey vaccination coverage in countries with limited resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]],"date-time":"2016-11-15T03:48:30Z","timestamp":1479181710000},"page":"355-362","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Comparative Study of the <scp>RAPINA<\/scp> and the Virus\u2010Neutralizing Test (<scp>RFFIT<\/scp>) for the Estimation of Antirabies\u2010Neutralizing Antibody Levels in Dog Samples"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"D. L.","family":"Manalo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM\u2010DOH) Alabang Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Promotion Institute Faculty of Medicine Oita University Hasama\u2010machi Yufu City Oita Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Oita University Hasama\u2010machi Yufu City Oita Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. E. G.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM\u2010DOH) Alabang Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. M. D.","family":"Lapiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Provincial Veterinarian Tagbilaran Bohol Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Tapdasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Provincial Veterinarian Tagbilaran Bohol Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Petspophonsakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University, Lanna Dog Welfare Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Khawplod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute Thai Red Cross Society Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Nishizono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Oita University Hasama\u2010machi Yufu City Oita Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2013.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000839"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(97)00212-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2003.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813002513"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.06.089"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2008.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1994.tb01812.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2004.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"360","article-title":"Re\u2010evaluating the burden of rabies in Africa and Asia","volume":"83","author":"Knobel D. L.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"278","article-title":"Evaluation of a commercial rabies ELISA as a replacement for serum neutralization assays as part of the pet travel scheme and oral vaccination campaigns of foxes","volume":"123","author":"Knoop E. V.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Berl. Munch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001891"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.06.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.28042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000595"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800014-4.00012-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals","author":"OIE","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"Tools for rabies serology to monitor the effectiveness of rabies vaccination in domestic and wild carnivores","volume":"125","author":"Servat A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Biol. (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2007.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2009.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"535","article-title":"A rapid reproducible test for determining rabies neutralizing antibody","volume":"48","author":"Smith J. S.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2010.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15792-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2013.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.66.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"WHO expert consultation on Rabies. Second report","volume":"982","author":"WHO","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Health Organ. Tech. Rep. Ser."}],"container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fzph.12313","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fzph.12313","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.12313","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T13:17:29Z","timestamp":1695993449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/zph.12313"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,12]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/zph.12313"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.12313","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1959","1863-2378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-1959","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-2378","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,12]]}}}