{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:41:51Z","timestamp":1792806111001,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]],"date-time":"2016-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Massey University and Education New Zealand"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Leptospirosis is a global zoonosis that in New Zealand affects primarily people occupationally exposed to livestock. The objective of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of five<jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>serovars in farmers working on cattle, sheep and deer farms that had the serological status of animals previously assessed and to identify risk factors for farmer seropositivity. A total of 178 farmers from 127 properties participated in the study. Blood samples were tested using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the presence of antibodies to<jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>. Samples with a MAT titre \u226548 were considered seropositive. Using Bayesian statistical analysis, the median seroprevalence of<jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>, all serovars combined, was estimated to be 6.6% (95% probability interval (PI) 3.6\u201310.9%). Risk factors associated with seropositivity were assisting deer or cattle calving, farming deer, having \u226525% of flat terrain and high abundance of wild deer on farm, while high possum abundance on farm was negatively associated with seropositivity. No association was observed between farmer serostatus and previously recorded livestock serology.<jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>seropositivity was associated with influenza\u2010like illness of farmers (RR\u00a0=\u00a01.7; 95% PI 1.0\u20132.5). Assuming a causal relationship, this suggested an annual risk of 1.3% (95% PI 0.0\u20133.0%) of influenza\u2010like illnesses due to<jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>infection in the population of farmers. The association between seropositivity and disease can be used to estimate the public health burden of leptospirosis in New Zealand. Identifying and understanding risk factors for<jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>seropositivity can inform preventive measures, hence contributing to the reduction of leptospirosis incidence in farmers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]],"date-time":"2016-12-05T11:15:02Z","timestamp":1480936502000},"page":"370-380","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for<i>Leptospira<\/i>Seropositivity in Beef Cattle, Sheep and Deer Farmers in New Zealand"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"J. 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