{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T16:36:49Z","timestamp":1788021409489,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,9]],"date-time":"2017-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> infections are prevalent in humans and warm\u2010blooded animals. Maternal infections during pregnancy may have devastating consequences for transplacentally infected neonates. This study was conducted to examine the seroprevalence of antibodies to <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> in pregnant women of childbearing age and determine risk factors associated with pregnancy history, pet ownership, social and cultural factors at Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Samples were collected from 403 women and examined using a commercially available enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>). The overall prevalence of antibodies to <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> was 17.6% (71) in the 403 samples collected from women. Antibodies to <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> were present in 19.4% (45) of 232 pregnant women and 15.2% (26) of the samples from 171 non\u2010pregnant women. This study identified miscarriage history, pet ownership, type of residence, marital status, source of drinking water and eating habits as significant (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05) risk factors associated with the presence of antibodies to <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> infection. Seroprevalence was not significantly different (<jats:italic>P\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05<\/jats:italic>) in women from different ethnic groups based upon lifestyle and culture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,9]],"date-time":"2017-01-09T14:25:08Z","timestamp":1483971908000},"page":"537-542","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Antibody Prevalence and Risk Factors for <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> Infection in Women from Multan, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"M. M.","family":"Nazir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology Faculty of Veterinary Sciences B.Z University Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology Faculty of Veterinary Sciences B.Z University Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Maqbool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Waheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology Faculty of Veterinary Sciences B.Z University Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Sajid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Research Institute Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Oneeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. N.","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology Faculty of Veterinary Sciences B.Z University Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Nazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shifa International Hospital Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Urban Unit Company Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. S.","family":"Lindsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Frequency of antitoxoplasma antibodies in patients with ocular pathology","volume":"16","author":"Ally H. S.","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Ayub Med. Col. Abbottabad"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1829.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in the pregnant women of district Swabi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan","volume":"29","author":"Alvi F. I.","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Appl. Sci. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-239"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.331"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Prevalence of human toxoplasmosis in San Carlos Island, Venezuela","volume":"28","author":"Chacin\u2010Bonilla L.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Interciencia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Serologie de la toxoplasmose","volume":"19","author":"Desmonts G.","year":"1961","journal-title":"Ann. Biol. Clin."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"313","volume-title":"Toxoplasmosis of animals and man","author":"Dubey J. P.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-76"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05013-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women and bioassay of IgM positive cases in Zanjan, Northwest of Iran","volume":"6","author":"Hajsoleimani F.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2782.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.405"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008942"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","unstructured":"Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 1998:Percentage distribution of households by language usually spoken and Region\/Province 1998 Census.Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. Available at:www.pbs.gov.pk\/sites\/default\/files\/other"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"Seroprevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, with a particular reference to obstetric history of patients in Rawalpindi\u2010Islamabad, Pakistan","volume":"46","author":"Pal R. A.","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Pak. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in young school children in Islamabad","volume":"41","author":"Sadaruddin A.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Pak. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"210","article-title":"Experimental approach to understanding virulence in toxoplasmosis","volume":"201","author":"Sibley L. D.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"Seroprevalence of human toxoplasmosis in Southern Punjab, Pakistan","volume":"10","author":"Tasawar Z.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pak. J. Life Soc. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1654\/1525-2647-83.1.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-64"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.52.2.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","first-page":"19S","article-title":"Epidemiologie de la toxoplasmose situation au niveau mondial","volume":"125","author":"Zuber P.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr. Suppl."}],"container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fzph.12336","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.12336","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T13:55:39Z","timestamp":1695477339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/zph.12336"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,9]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/zph.12336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.12336","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1959","1863-2378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-1959","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-2378","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,9]]}}}