{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T23:06:58Z","timestamp":1775862418411,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,16]],"date-time":"2017-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Surveillance for West Nile virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WNV<\/jats:styled-content>) and other mosquito\u2010borne pathogens involves costly and time\u2010consuming collection and testing of mosquito samples. One difficulty faced by public health personnel is how to interpret mosquito data relative to human risk, thus leading to a failure to fully exploit the information from mosquito testing. The objective of our study was to use the information gained from historic West Nile virus mosquito testing to determine human risk relative to mosquito infection and to assess the usefulness of our mosquito infection forecasting models to give advance warning. We compared weekly mosquito infection rates from 2004 to 2013 to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WNV<\/jats:styled-content> case numbers in Illinois. We then developed a weather\u2010based forecasting model to estimate the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WNV<\/jats:styled-content> mosquito infection rate one to 3\u00a0weeks ahead of mosquito testing both statewide and for nine regions of Illinois. We further evaluated human illness risk relative to both the measured and the model\u2010estimated infection rates to provide guidelines for public health messages. We determined that across 10\u00a0years, over half of human <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WNV<\/jats:styled-content> cases occurred following the 29 (of 210) weeks with the highest mosquito infection rates. The values forecasted by the models can identify those time periods, but model results and data availability varied by region with much stronger results obtained from regions with more mosquito data. The differences among the regions may be related to the amount of surveillance or may be due to diverse landscape characteristics across Illinois. We set the stage for better use of all surveillance options available for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WNV<\/jats:styled-content> and described an approach to modelling that can be expanded to other mosquito\u2010borne illnesses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,17]],"date-time":"2017-08-17T07:23:28Z","timestamp":1502954608000},"page":"177-184","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Assessing human risk of illness with West Nile virus mosquito surveillance data to improve public health preparedness"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Karki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology University of Illinois  Urbana IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. E.","family":"Westcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Illinois State Water Survey Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois at Urbana \u2013 Champaign  Urbana IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. J.","family":"Muturi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop Bioprotection Research Unit USDA, ARS  Peoria IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology University of Illinois  Urbana IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. O.","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology University of Illinois  Urbana IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.688","article-title":"Size alters susceptibility of vectors to dengue virus infection and dissemination","volume":"79","author":"Alto B. W.","year":"2008","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2987\/8756-971X-28.4s.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Biggerstaff B. J.(2009).PooledInfRate version 4.0: a Microsoft Excel add\u2010into compute prevalence estimates from pooled samples.Fort Collins CO:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/westnile\/resourcepages\/mosqsurvsoft.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/033.046.0641"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1006.030457"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"CDC. (2016).West Nile virus. Retrieved December 15 2015 fromhttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/westnile\/statsmaps\/final.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12152"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/ME11221"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2987\/13-6326r.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/033.046.0105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-39.1.221"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1109.040712"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/ME11073"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/45.1.125","article-title":"Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae): A bridge vector of West Nile virus to humans","volume":"45","author":"Hamer G. 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