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The dispersal of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> between birds, litter and the lesser mealworm has been established, but the extent that these act as critical components in the epidemiology of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> infection during broiler grow\u2010out and flock rotation has not been delineated; in particular, the level of participation by the lesser mealworm beetles (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMB<\/jats:styled-content>) as agents of retention and dispersal. This study defines this route of transmission and provides empirical data on bacterial loads that facilitate <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> transfer. Results showed differential <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> transfer dependent on bacterial concentration. At 10<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\u00a0cfu\/ml, only a small, but not significant, amount of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> was transferred, from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMB<\/jats:styled-content> to the manure and back to uninfected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMB<\/jats:styled-content>; while from 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> to 10<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\u00a0cfu\/ml, a significant acquisition and transfer occurred both internally and externally to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMB<\/jats:styled-content> over 4 and 24\u00a0hr exposures. These data will be used in correlation with facility management practices to develop intervention strategies to mitigate the establishment and spreading of reservoir <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> populations contributing to pre\u2010harvest contamination of poultry flocks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]],"date-time":"2017-09-19T11:22:37Z","timestamp":1505820157000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The horizontal transfer of <i>Salmonella<\/i> between the lesser mealworm (<i>Alphitobius diaperinus<\/i>) and poultry manure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5129-2371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. L.","family":"Crippen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Feed Safety Research Unit Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center Agricultural Research Service US Department of Agriculture  College Station TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. L.","family":"Sheffield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Feed Safety Research Unit Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center Agricultural Research Service US Department of Agriculture  College Station TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3445-1008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. C.","family":"Beier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Feed Safety Research Unit Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center Agricultural Research Service US Department of Agriculture  College Station TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. J.","family":"Nisbet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Feed Safety Research Unit Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center Agricultural Research Service US Department of Agriculture  College Station TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2007.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.12.7578-7580.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"Anonymous(2009a).Council Directive 2009\/158\/EC on animal health conditions governing intra\u2010community trade in and imports from third countries of poultry and hatching eggs. European Commission Official Journal of the European Union. 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