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Our study aimed at document risk factors of infection in mammal reservoirs of pathogenic <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> in the human\/wildlife interface of a large metropolitan area. We hypothesize that survival of <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> and thus their prevalence in animal reservoirs should be higher in residential areas than in natural habitats, especially after the hot, dry Mediterranean summers. We established the prevalence of <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> spp. and identified the serovars in 353 urine samples from micromammals (chiefly the wood mouse <jats:italic>Apodemus sylvaticus<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0266) using direct immunofluorescence and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>. Animals were captured in spring and autumn, 2011\u20132012, in two natural parks and two adjacent residential areas in periurban Barcelona (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NE<\/jats:styled-content> Spain). Overall observed prevalence of infection was 11%, ranking between 8% and 13% in the better represented host species. We observed marked differences between seasons; the probability of finding a micromammal infected in spring was three times greater than in autumn (almost four times for wood mouse). Prevalence was not related with type of habitat, micromammal relative abundance or sex of the animal. Three <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> species were confirmed: <jats:italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:italic> (47% of cases), <jats:italic>Leptospira borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic> (41%) and <jats:italic>Leptospira kirschneri<\/jats:italic> (12%). The serovars most commonly detected were those typically hosted by rodents, and serovars Ballum and Icterohemorrhagiae were the only ones found in autumn. People living in periurban Barcelona and those visiting the natural areas of the metropolitan area face hazard of infection with rodent\u2010borne <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>, especially during spring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,23]],"date-time":"2017-10-23T12:06:35Z","timestamp":1508760395000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Risk factors of <i>Leptospira<\/i> infection in Mediterranean periurban micromammals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5608-781X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Mill\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ecolog\u00eda y Recursos Naturales Universidad Andres Bello  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Cevidanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Program in Conservation Medicine Facultad de Ecolog\u00eda y Recursos Naturales Universidad Andres Bello  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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