{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:13:14Z","timestamp":1740147194088,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,17]],"date-time":"2017-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic> is a zoonotic pathogen typically associated with clinical and asymptomatic infection in ruminant livestock. A re\u2010emerging pathogen of significant public health importance, <jats:italic>C.\u00a0burnetii<\/jats:italic> has caused recent epidemics in the United States and Europe, and public livestock exhibitions are increasingly scrutinized as a potential source of <jats:italic>C.\u00a0burnetii<\/jats:italic> exposure. Although <jats:italic>C.\u00a0burnetii<\/jats:italic> prevalence data among North American domestic ruminants are extremely limited, contemporary studies suggest that this pathogen is both geographically widespread and highly prevalent on a herd basis, especially in dairy cattle and goat populations. We utilized a real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> assay to detect <jats:italic>C.\u00a0burnetii<\/jats:italic> faecal shedding by clinically normal, non\u2010periparturient beef cattle, meat goats and sheep exhibited at Iowa agricultural fairs. Individual faecal samples were collected from beef cattle, meat goats and sheep exhibited at twelve Iowa county fairs during the summer of 2009. The sample pool was blocked by species and fair, and ten samples from each block were randomly selected for the diagnostic assay; this test pool is considered sufficient to identify with 95% confidence a shedding animal in a population prevalence of 2.85% (cattle and sheep) and 6.25% (goats). Detection of <jats:italic>C.\u00a0burnetii <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> was determined through use of a real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> assay validated for use in bovine, ovine and caprine faeces; threshold of detection is one <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> copy per <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> (sensitivity 95.8%, specificity 100%). All tested samples were negative for <jats:italic>C.\u00a0burnetii <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>. We conclude that non\u2010dairy, non\u2010periparturient ruminants exhibited at Iowa fairs are unlikely to shed <jats:italic>C.\u00a0burnetii<\/jats:italic> in their faeces and that this population should not be considered to be a significant exposure risk to other livestock or fair attendees.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]],"date-time":"2017-12-18T03:37:43Z","timestamp":1513568263000},"page":"334-338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Risk of exposure to <i>Coxiella burnetii<\/i> from ruminant livestock exhibited at Iowa agricultural fairs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4725-9760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. M.","family":"Still Brooks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State University  Ames IA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. R.","family":"Stensland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State University  Ames IA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. M.","family":"Harmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State University  Ames IA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0604-7822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. M.","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State University  Ames IA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5784-8382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. J.","family":"Plummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State University  Ames IA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Association of Iowa Fairs(2015).Economic impact of county and regional fairs on the State of Iowa in 2015. 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