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It is grouped into eight different Assemblages and, beyond that, into a number of sub\u2010Assemblages, defined<jats:italic>ad hoc<\/jats:italic>on the basis of genetic differences; these various groups are often considered to be associated with a specific restricted host range. The aim of this study was to use publicly available genotyping data to investigate the relatedness of human and non\u2010human primate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHP<\/jats:styled-content>)<jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>isolates in order to evaluate the usefulness of current taxonomic classification and to assess whether there is potential for zoonotic transmission between humans and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHP<\/jats:styled-content>. Our final data set consisted of sequence data from 165 isolates, 111 from<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHP<\/jats:styled-content>and 54 from humans. Assemblages were well defined, but sub\u2010Assemblages across Assemblage B were not resolved. Although sub\u2010Assemblages<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AII<\/jats:styled-content>were resolved, the terms were not found to capture any useful molecular or host\/deme properties. In the phylogenetic tree,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHP<\/jats:styled-content>isolates were scattered among human isolates across Assemblages A and B, and were even found in Assemblage E. We conclude that there does not appear to be significant molecular distinction between human and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHP<\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>isolates across these four molecular markers. Thus, on the basis of these markers, we cannot exclude a risk for zoonotic and anthropozoonotic transmission of Assemblages A and B isolates, irrespective of sub\u2010Assemblage classification. We further evaluated the relative merit of the four genes used in genotyping studies. The<jats:italic>tpi<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>gdh<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>bg<\/jats:italic>genes gave relatively congruent tree topologies, but the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SSU<\/jats:styled-content>gene did not resolve Assemblages according to the current classification. Future genotyping efforts should aim for multilocus or whole\u2010genome approaches and, in particular, use of the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SSU<\/jats:styled-content>gene as the sole marker should be avoided when possible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,14]],"date-time":"2018-04-14T13:00:41Z","timestamp":1523710841000},"page":"637-647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["<i>Giardia duodenalis<\/i>in primates: Classification and host specificity based on phylogenetic analysis of sequence data"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7566-4133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O.","family":"Brynildsrud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Modelling and Epidemiology Norwegian Institute of Public Health (FHI) Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. 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