{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:01:17Z","timestamp":1792033277811,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,21]],"date-time":"2018-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Historically, Australia was considered free of rabies and rabieslike viruses. Thus, the identification of Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) in 1996 in a debilitated bat found by a member of the public precipitated both public health consternation and a revision of lyssavirus taxonomy. Subsequent observational studies sought to elaborate the occurrence and frequency of ABLV infection in Australian bats. This paper describes the taxonomic diversity of bat species showing evidence of ABLV infection to better inform public health considerations. Blood and\/or brain samples were collected from two cohorts of bats (wild\u2010caught and diagnostic submissions) from four Australian states or territories between April 1996 and October 2002. Fresh brain impression smears were tested for ABLV antigen using fluorescein\u2010labelled anti\u2010rabies monoclonal globulin (CENTOCOR) in a direct fluorescent antibody test; sera were tested for the presence of neutralising antibodies using a rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. A total of 3,217 samples from 2,633 bats were collected and screened: brain samples from 1,461 wild\u2010caught bats and 1,086 submitted bats from at least 16 genera and seven families, and blood samples from 656 wild\u2010caught bats and 14 submitted bats from 14 genera and seven families. Evidence of ABLV infection was found in five of the six families of bats occurring in Australia, and in three of the four Australian states\/territories surveyed, supporting the historic presence of the virus in Australia. While the infection prevalence in the wild\u2010caught cohort is evidently low, the significantly higher infection prevalence in rescued bats in urban settings represents a clear and present public health significance because of the higher risk of human exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,22]],"date-time":"2018-05-22T04:05:21Z","timestamp":1526961921000},"page":"742-748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Evidence of Australian bat lyssavirus infection in diverse Australian bat taxa"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4671-7002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hume Ernest","family":"Field","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Department of Primary Industries Brisbane Qld Australia"},{"name":"The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia"},{"name":"EcoHealth Alliance New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.33321\/cdi.1996.20.83","article-title":"A human case of encephalitis due to a Lyssavirus recently identified in fruit bats","volume":"20","author":"Allworth A.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Communicable Diseases Intelligence"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0803.010330"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.7.3268-3276.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.17.8096-8104.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"Barrett J.(2004).Australian bat lyssavirus. PhD thesis The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia.https:\/\/espace.library.uq.edu.au\/view\/UQ:9486"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.03.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Investigating the role of bats in emerging zoonoses: Balancing ecology, conservation and public health interest","author":"Epstein J. H.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"Field H.(2005)The ecology of Hendra virus and Australian bat lyssavirus. PhD thesis The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia.https:\/\/espace.library.uq.edu.au\/view\/UQ:13859"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1782"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0204.960408"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(98)00025-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(02)00056-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the XI International Congress of Virology, Sydney, Australia","author":"Gould A.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2000.tb124126.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-2452(97)83529-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.154.21.664"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7701348"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"535","article-title":"A rapid reproducible test for determining rabies neutralising antibody","volume":"48","author":"Smith J.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"264","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Arbovirus research in Australia: Proceedings of the fifth symposium Brisbane, Australia","author":"St George T. 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