{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T05:57:42Z","timestamp":1783576662484,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]],"date-time":"2018-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Felis catus<\/jats:italic>, the domestic cat, is the definitive host for parasites that may result in adverse health outcomes in humans. Prevalence data of zoonotic parasites in feral cats, which are free\u2010roaming domestic cats that are born and live in the wild, are limited. The objective of this study was to assess seroprevalence of <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii <\/jats:italic>antibodies and copro\u2010prevalence of potentially zoonotic parasites in feral cats and to evaluate risk factors for seropositivity and faecal excretion of parasites. In this cross\u2010sectional survey, 275 feral cats at Trap\u2010Neuter\u2010Release clinics in Central Virginia were tested for parasites via faecal flotation, direct immunofluorescence assay (faeces) and modified agglutination testing (serum). <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> seroprevalence was 22.35% (95% CI: 17.47\u201327.86). Faecal prevalence of <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic>\u2010like oocysts was 1.04% (95% CI: 0.13\u20133.71), <jats:italic>Toxocara cati<\/jats:italic> 58.85% (95% CI: 51.54\u201365.89), <jats:italic>Ancylostoma <\/jats:italic>spp. 18.75% (95% CI: 13.49\u201325.00), <jats:italic>Giardia duodenalis<\/jats:italic> 5.73% (95% CI: 2.89\u201310.02) and <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium <\/jats:italic>spp. 3.33% (95% CI: 1.37\u20137.24). Female cats were more likely than males to excrete faecal <jats:italic>Ancylostoma <\/jats:italic>spp. eggs (OR 2.88; 95% CI 1.34\u20136.17). Adults were more likely than immature cats to be seropositive (OR 2.10; 95% CI: 1.11\u20133.97) and to excrete faecal <jats:italic>Ancylostoma <\/jats:italic>spp. eggs (OR 2.57; 95% CI: 1.10\u20135.99). However, immature cats were more likely than adults to excrete <jats:italic>T.\u00a0cati <\/jats:italic>eggs (OR 6.79; 95% CI: 3.31\u201313.90) and to excrete one or more potentially zoonotic species (OR 4.67; 95% CI: 2.28\u20139.55) in faeces. Results of this study have implications for human and animal health and highlight the importance of collaboration between public health, medical and veterinary communities in preventive efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,9]],"date-time":"2018-08-09T06:16:53Z","timestamp":1533795413000},"page":"728-735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Prevalence of zoonotic parasites in feral cats of Central Virginia, USA"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2274-425X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara J.","family":"Taetzsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia"},{"name":"Feral Cat Trap\u2010Neuter\u2010Release Clinics  Mechanicsville Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen R.","family":"Gruszynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Department of Health Office of Epidemiology  Richmond Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea S.","family":"Bertke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitender P.","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture Beltsville Agricultural Research Center  Beltsville Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelynn A.","family":"Monti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Virginia Tech  Blacksburg Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Zajac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Virginia Tech  Blacksburg Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Lindsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Virginia Tech  Blacksburg Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(03)00162-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"Anon Meridian Bioscience Inc.(2017) Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.meridianbioscience.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-014-0975-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)11105-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","volume-title":"Georgis\u2019 parasitology for veterinarians","author":"Bowman D. D.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"CAPC(2016a).Ascarid (also Roundworm also Toxocara) | CAPC Vet.Companion Animal Parasite Council. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.capcvet.org\/capc-recommendations\/ascarid-roundworm"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"CAPC(2016b).Hookworms | CAPC Vet.Companion Animal Parasite Council. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.capcvet.org\/capc-recommendations\/hookworms"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"615","article-title":"Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with a splash park \u2010 Idaho, 2007","volume":"58","author":"CDC","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"CDC(2015a).Parasites \u2013 cryptosporidium | cryptosporidium | parasites | CDC. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/parasites\/crypto\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"CDC(2015b).Pathogen & environment | giardia | parasites | CDC. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/parasites\/giardia\/pathogen.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"CDC(2016).CDC \u2013 parasites \u2013 neglected parasitic infections (NPIs) in the United States.Centers for Disease Control.Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/parasites\/npi\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","unstructured":"Companion Animal Parasite Council(2017).Parasite prevalence maps | CAPC vet. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.capcvet.org\/parasite-prevalence-maps"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5391-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2009.01273.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.6.885"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","volume-title":"Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans","author":"Dubey J. P.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1987.tb01426.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00033-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2012.01522.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","volume-title":"Infectious diseases of the dog and cat","author":"Greene C. E.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.249.2.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.09.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens6020021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0722"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-266"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2010.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2016.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03049.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.225.1394"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.225.1399"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2012.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","volume-title":"Human\u2010animal medicine: Clinical approaches to zoonoses, toxicants and other shared health risks","author":"Rabinowitz P. M.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12070"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.241.3.331"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X15569616"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-47.2.338"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.P11101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","volume-title":"Veterinary immunology: An introduction","author":"Tizard I. R.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2013.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","unstructured":"USDA(2014).Cost estimates of foodborne illnesses. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/cost-estimates-of-foodborne-illnesses.aspx"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02974.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0725"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Giardiasis surveillance\u2013United States, 2009\u20132010","volume":"61","author":"Yoder J. S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries (Washington, D.C.: 2002)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Veterinary clinical parasitology","author":"Zajac A. M.","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fzph.12488","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.12488","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T06:40:36Z","timestamp":1695019236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/zph.12488"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/zph.12488"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.12488","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1959","1863-2378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-1959","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-2378","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-07-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-06-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}