{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:39:44Z","timestamp":1792615184726,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]],"date-time":"2018-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rabies virus (RABV) does not persist in the environment as it is a very fragile agent. The primary hosts are mammalian species in the orders Carnivora and Chiroptera. Since the late 1980s, RABV has been isolated from non\u2010human primates, <jats:italic>Callithrix jacchus<\/jats:italic> (the white\u2010tufted marmoset), in four coastal states (Rio Grande do Norte, Cear\u00e1, Piau\u00ed and Pernambuco) in north\u2010eastern Brazil, where this species is indigenous. The original habitat of <jats:italic>C.\u00a0jacchus<\/jats:italic> consisted of two Brazilian biomes, the Atlantic Forest and the <jats:italic>Caatinga<\/jats:italic>. However, these marmosets have since adapted to other ecosystems as a result of human activities. Between 1988 and 1989, RABV isolates were obtained from white\u2010tufted marmosets in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, but antigenic and genetic identification studies were not conducted at that time. In the following years, three additional states reported cases (Cear\u00e1, Piau\u00ed and Pernambuco). In two of these states (Cear\u00e1 and Piau\u00ed), human cases of rabies transmitted by marmosets were reported. According to Brazilian Health Ministry data, at least 19 human cases in which this species was the source of infection were registered in between 1990 and 2016. Recent findings in laboratory tests of 12 rabid samples from humans and marmosets and the regional transmission among these animals for over 20\u00a0years, together with the gradual increase in the affected geographic area, support the concept of the emergence of a new RABV reservoir. Regional tourism, the wild animal trade and the cultural practice of maintaining these animals as pets, particularly in coastal regions, appear to be major risk factors for the increase in human cases. Additional epidemiological and ecological studies are required to better understand local disease dynamics and to identify ideal opportunities for prevention and control of this fatal infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,6]],"date-time":"2018-10-06T02:51:48Z","timestamp":1538794308000},"page":"47-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Non\u2010human primates as a reservoir for rabies virus in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Ivanete","family":"Kotait","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Venco Sa\u00fade Animal Londrina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael de Novaes","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory Pasteur Institute S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luiza","family":"Carrieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Butantan Institut S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana G.","family":"Castilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory Pasteur Institute S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7770-1759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla Isabel","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory Pasteur Institute S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Mariano Cruz","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory Pasteur Institute S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanner","family":"Boere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Campus Universit\u00e1rio Darcy Ribeiro University of Bras\u00edlia Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00facia","family":"Montebello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization (Technical Advisor) Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Rupprecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wistar Institute Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822011000600006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762000000500003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Mam\u00edferos do Brasil","author":"Bicca\u2010Marques J. C.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002555"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.2008\/003913-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"253","volume-title":"Proco working Conference on Rabies","author":"Constantine D. G.","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"88","volume-title":"Laboratory techniques in rabies","author":"Dean D. J.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"Antigenic analysis of rabies\u2010virus isolates from Latin America and the Caribbean","volume":"41","author":"Diaz A. M.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Zentralbl. Veterinarmed. B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652002000200007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0706.010630"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002863"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-001-0399-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012369366-2\/50007-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-007-1033-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.67.647"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"80","volume-title":"Laboratory techniques in rabies","author":"Koprowski H.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw054"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002786"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taw007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2004.1480"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-017-3220-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Modos e tempo de evolu\u00e7\u00e3o em linhagens do v\u00edrus da raiva (RABV) mantidos por reservat\u00f3rios \u00e1ereos e terrestres com base em genomas complete","author":"Oliveira R. N.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","unstructured":"Oliveira R. N. Castilho J. G. Batista H. B. C. R. DePaulo F. C.Jr Carnieli P. Lima J. Y. O. \u2026Brand\u00e3o P. E.(2012).A review of the classification of rabies virus lineages maintained by insectivorous bats in Brazil. Abstracts of the XXIII International Conference Rabies in the Americas (XXIII RITA) October S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil p.96."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093374"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/424610"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762002000100019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","unstructured":"SVS\/MS\u2013Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia Sanit\u00e1ria do Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade(2010). Retrieved from:https:\/\/portalsaude.saude.gov.br\/index.php\/o-ministerio\/principal\/leia-mais-o-ministerio\/752-secretaria-svs\/vigilancia-de-a-a-z\/raiva\/11431-situacao-epidemiologica-dados"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"181","volume-title":"O sistema de dunas na cidade de Natal e sua divis\u00e3o em zonas faun\u00edsticas","author":"Varela\u2010Freire A. A.","year":"1993"}],"container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fzph.12527","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.12527","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T12:37:49Z","timestamp":1694090269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/zph.12527"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/zph.12527"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.12527","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1959","1863-2378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-1959","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-2378","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-02-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-09-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}