{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:22:37Z","timestamp":1787016157131,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]],"date-time":"2019-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570147200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]],"date-time":"2018-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000094","name":"Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FS2012\u20101361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS2012\u20101361"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2006\u201001227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2006\u201001227"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008986","name":"University of Guelph","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008986","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    From May through October 2016, we conducted a repeated cross\u2010sectional study examining the effects of temporal, spatial, flock and demographic factors (i.e. juvenile vs. adult) on the prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    and antimicrobial resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    among 344 fresh faecal samples collected from Canada geese (\n                    <jats:italic>Branta canadensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) from four locations where birds nested in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. The overall prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    among all fresh faecal samples was 9.3% and was greatest in the fall when these birds became more mobile following the nesting season. Based on 40 gene comparative genomic fingerprinting (CGF40), the increase in prevalence noted in the fall was matched by an increase in the number of unique CGF40 subtypes identified. Resistance to colistin was detected most commonly, in 6% of\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, and was highest in the late summer months. All colistin\u2010resistant isolates were negative for the\n                    <jats:italic>mcr\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n                    to\n                    <jats:italic>mcr\u20105<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes; a chromosomal resistance mechanism (PmrB) was identified in all of these isolates. The prevalence of samples with\n                    <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibiting multi\u2010class resistance or extended spectrum beta\u2010lactamase was low (i.e. &lt;2% of samples). The intra\u2010class correlation coefficients, estimated from the variance components of multilevel logistic regression models, indicated that the shedding of\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    and antimicrobial resistant\n                    <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    among geese within a flock (i.e. birds collected from the same site on the same day) was moderately correlated. Spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal clusters identified using the spatial scan statistic, largely supported the findings from our multi\u2010level models.\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    was not isolated from any of the fresh faecal samples collected suggesting that its prevalence in this population of birds was very low.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T22:51:33Z","timestamp":1538779893000},"page":"60-72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A repeated cross\u2010sectional study of the epidemiology of\n                    <i>Campylobacter<\/i>\n                    and antimicrobial resistant\n                    <i>Enterobacteriaceae<\/i>\n                    in free\u2010living Canada geese in Guelph, Ontario, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0156-4206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadine A.","family":"Vogt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Pearl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo N.","family":"Taboada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory Public Health Agency of Canada Lethbridge Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Reid\u2010Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Food\u2010borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Public Health Agency of Canada Guelph Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Mulvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory Public Health Agency of Canada Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol","family":"Janecko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Food\u2010borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Public Health Agency of Canada Guelph Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven K.","family":"Mutschall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory Public Health Agency of Canada Lethbridge Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire M.","family":"Jardine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009734.2014.905663"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.12.4594-4602.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.1994.tb00234.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"M100\u2013S25 performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1106.040717"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2008.01773.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Converse K. Wolcott M. Docherty D. &Cole R.(1999).Screening for potential human pathogens in fecal material deposited by resident Canada geese on areas of public utility (Completion Report).National Wildlife Health Center. 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Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www2.dnr.cornell.edu\/ext\/info\/pubs\/Wildlife\/NYwildlife\/canada%20goose.pdf(accessed on 15 April 2017)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw245"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00669-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","volume-title":"Categorization of antimicrobials drugs based on importance in human medicine","author":"Veterinary Drugs Directorate, Health Canada","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiology of Campylobacter, Salmonella and antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli in free\u2010living Canada geese (Brant canadensis) from three sources in southern Ontario","volume":"00","author":"Vogt N. 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