{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:40:15Z","timestamp":1789472415405,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,9]],"date-time":"2018-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003128","name":"Ty\u00f6suojelurahasto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003128","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Practising veterinary medicine has an inherent risk of exposure to zoonotic agents, including the protozoan parasite<jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>. We screened sera of veterinarians authorized to work in Finland for the presence of specific immunoglobulin G antibodies against<jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic>with an enzyme\u2010linked fluorescent assay, and evaluated potential risk factors for<jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic>seropositivity from extensive questionnaire data with almost 1,300 quantitative variables. We used a causal diagram approach to address the complexity of the life cycle of the parasite and its numerous possible transmission routes, and built a multivariable binomial logistic regression model to identify risk factors that are particularly relevant for veterinarians. The samples and questionnaire data were collected in 2009. Altogether, 294 veterinarians, almost 15% of the Finnish veterinary profession, were included in the study. The median age was 39\u00a0years, and the majority, 86%, were women. Altogether, 43 (14.6%; 95% confidence interval: 10.9\u201319.0) of the 294 veterinarians tested seropositive for<jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic>. According to the final model, veterinarians who were at least 40\u00a0years old had 2.4 times higher odds to be seropositive than younger veterinarians; veterinarians who lived in the countryside had 4.0 times higher odds to be seropositive than veterinarians who lived in towns; female veterinarians who tasted beef during cooking had 2.6 times higher odds to be seropositive than male veterinarians who did not taste beef during cooking; and veterinarians who did not do small animal practice had 2.3 times higher odds to be seropositive than those who did. The results illustrate the numerous transmission routes of<jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,10]],"date-time":"2018-12-10T07:29:27Z","timestamp":1544426967000},"page":"207-215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["<i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>seroprevalence in veterinarians in Finland: Older age, living in the countryside, tasting beef during cooking and not doing small animal practice associated with seropositivity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Anne\u2010Marika","family":"Siponen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula M.","family":"Kinnunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Koort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannimari","family":"Kallio\u2010Kokko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Immunology Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olli","family":"Vapalahti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Virology and Immunology Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna\u2010Maija","family":"Virtala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3035-5094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pikka","family":"Jokelainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites &amp; Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences Estonian University of Life Sciences Tartu Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-235"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqr032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2008.01133.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2453.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/EUJMI-D-14-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00143"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1009213286"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7254.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781394260645","volume-title":"Internet, phone, mail, and mixed mode surveys: The tailored design method","author":"Dillman D. 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