{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:21:03Z","timestamp":1787016063909,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]],"date-time":"2019-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In August 2015, a rabies outbreak occurred in bovines in a Punjab village, India; subsequently, a farmer in the same village died of rabies in October 2015. We surveyed farmers to describe the outbreak, the demographics and rabies prophylaxis administered to householders on case farms, and farmers\u2019 knowledge of rabies prevention and treatment. We used multiple correspondence analysis to guide investigation of associations between demographics, farm status and rabies knowledge, attitudes and practices. The number of affected bovines was unusually high; 15 cattle and buffalo died on 13 smallholder farms (attack rate 4%). Post\u2010exposure vaccinations were administered to 24 people (median 2 doses). Affected farms had significantly larger households and were more likely to keep their livestock outside (therefore, accessible by stray dogs), suggesting that the impact of the outbreak was disproportionally borne by households of lower socio\u2010economic status. Primary sources of rabies information were friends and neighbours, not health authorities or media. Women who had not received formal education were less likely to have heard of rabies. Although case farm participants were more likely to have heard about rabies from a veterinarian, their knowledge and practices to prevent rabies did not reflect the level expected considering their contact with a health professional; they were more likely to believe that traditional remedies prevent rabies and less likely to tell their children to avoid playing with stray dogs than participants from other farms. This study highlights knowledge dissemination disparities that, if typical of rural locations, could obstruct attempts to eliminate canine\u2010mediated human rabies in India. Therefore, understanding the pervasiveness and influence of traditional medical beliefs on treatment\u2010seeking behaviour, communication structures within villages and the impact of local practices such as carcass disposal on dog populations will be essential to ensure that rabies control strategies are effective in rural India.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]],"date-time":"2019-02-18T20:15:20Z","timestamp":1550520920000},"page":"325-336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Challenges to human rabies elimination highlighted following a rabies outbreak in bovines and a human in Punjab, India"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0963-4926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria J.","family":"Brookes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Camden New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gurlal S.","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU) Ludhiana Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balbir B.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU) Ludhiana Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhupinder S.","family":"Sandhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU) Ludhiana Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4362-3596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Navneet K.","family":"Dhand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Camden New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabinder S.","family":"Aulakh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU) Ludhiana Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9921-4986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael P.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Camden New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.14.140723"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002721"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15740\/HAS\/ARJSS\/9.1\/89-94"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12409"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019069"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15740\/HAS\/AJHS\/13.1\/118-121"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2017.00142"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0021-8901.2004.00954.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003709"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00292.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2016.186-191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.i51"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"381","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude and practice assessment in health workers regarding rabies disease and its prevention in district Dehradun of Uttarakhand","volume":"27","author":"Kishore S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Community Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(99)00114-2","article-title":"Community\u2010based active surveillance for rabies in Machakos District, Kenya","volume":"44","author":"Kitala P. M.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"360","article-title":"Re\u2010evaluating the burden of rabies in Africa and Asia","volume":"83","author":"Knobel D. L.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v025.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00045-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2008.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","volume-title":"Livestock ownership in India (70th round)","author":"Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2012.01827.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Study of pre\u2010treatment practices and some of the epidemiological factors associated among dog bite cases attending outpatient department in tertiary care hospital","volume":"4","author":"Patil S. P.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Sciences and Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0959270915000192"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"1533","article-title":"Evidence to support that diclofenac caused catastrophic vulture population decline","volume":"88","author":"Prakash V.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Current Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049475514562492"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18006\/2018.6(1).62.86"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004774","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004774","article-title":"Human rabies survivors in India: An emerging paradox?","volume":"10","author":"Subramaniam R.","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2005.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001847"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2017.00109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187303"}],"container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fzph.12568","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.12568","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/zph.12568","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.12568","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T08:42:32Z","timestamp":1694335352000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/zph.12568"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/zph.12568"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.12568","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1959","1863-2378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-1959","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-2378","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-09-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-01-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-02-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}