{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T19:19:57Z","timestamp":1792264797077,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586908800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The role of free\u2010ranging wildlife in the epidemiology of enteropathogens causing clinical illness in humans and domestic animals is unclear. <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic> and anti\u2010microbial resistant bacteria have been detected in the faeces of raccoons (<jats:italic>Procyon lotor<\/jats:italic>), but little is known about the carriage of these bacteria in other sympatric meso\u2010mammals. Our objectives were to: (a) report the prevalence of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> and associated anti\u2010microbial resistance, <jats:italic>Campylobacter <\/jats:italic>spp, <jats:italic>Clostridium difficile<\/jats:italic>, and anti\u2010microbial resistant <jats:italic>Escherichia coli <\/jats:italic>in the faeces of striped skunks (<jats:italic>Mephitis mephitis<\/jats:italic>) and Virginia opossums (<jats:italic>Didelphis virginiana<\/jats:italic>) in southern Ontario; and (b) compare the prevalence of these bacteria in the faeces of these meso\u2010mammal hosts with raccoons from a previously reported study. Faecal swabs were collected from striped skunks and Virginia opossums on five swine farms and five conservation areas from 2011 to 2013. <jats:italic>Salmonella <\/jats:italic>was detected in 41% (9\/22) and 5% (5\/95) of faecal swabs from Virginia opossums and striped skunks, respectively. None of the <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> serovars carried resistance to anti\u2010microbials. The prevalence of <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\u00a0spp., <jats:italic>C.\u00a0difficile<\/jats:italic>, and anti\u2010microbial resistant <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic> ranged from 6% to 22% in striped skunk and Virginia opossums. Using exact logistic regression, <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> was significantly more likely to be detected in faecal swabs of Virginia opossums than skunks and significantly less likely in faecal swabs from skunks than raccoons from a previously reported study. In addition, <jats:italic>Campylobacter <\/jats:italic> spp. was\u00a0significantly more likely to be detected in raccoons than opossums. <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Give was detected in 8\/9 (89%) of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive Virginia opossum faecal swabs. Our results suggest that striped skunks and Virginia opossums have the potential to carry pathogenic enteric bacteria in their faeces. The high prevalence of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Give in Virginia opossum faecal swabs in this study as well as its common occurrence in other Virginia opossum studies throughout North America suggests Virginia opossums may be reservoirs of this serovar.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T13:29:39Z","timestamp":1555334979000},"page":"406-416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["<i>Salmonella<\/i>, <i>Campylobacter<\/i>, <i>Clostridium difficile<\/i>, and anti\u2010microbial resistant <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> in the faeces of sympatric meso\u2010mammals in southern Ontario, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6186-5599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin J.","family":"Bondo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Pearl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol","family":"Janecko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Public Health Agency of Canada Guelph Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Reid\u2010Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Population Medicine University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Public Health Agency of Canada Guelph Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Jane","family":"Parmley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Public Health Agency of Canada Guelph Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Department of Pathobiology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1896-1937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Scott","family":"Weese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Rousseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Taboada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory at Lethbridge Public Health Agency of Canada Lethbridge Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Mutschall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory at Lethbridge Public Health Agency of Canada Lethbridge Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire M.","family":"Jardine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Department of Pathobiology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2006.00075.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-68.4.722"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12232"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161497"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0563-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.3.440"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12426"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.1992.tb01155.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)(2014).National Salmonella surveillance annual report 2012.Atlanta GA:US Department of Health and Human Services CDC. 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