{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T06:35:06Z","timestamp":1789022106892,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]],"date-time":"2019-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To enhance efforts related to controlling foodborne pathogens in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), information on epidemiology of non\u2010typhoidal <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> enterica (hereafter termed \u201c<jats:italic>Salmonella\u201d<\/jats:italic>) is limited. We quantified the overall regional and country\u2010specific <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> prevalence in different human populations and identified the most common serotypes. Published literature of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> prevalence was systematically reviewed and reported following the Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Pooled <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> prevalence measures were estimated using a random\u2010effects model. We identified 46 research reports that reported 84 <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> prevalence measures in 15 out of 24 countries in MENA. There were 252,831 tested humans with 6,356 <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive cases. The pooled <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> prevalence in MENA was estimated at 6.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.4%\u20137.9%). The highest pooled <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> prevalence measures were in Morocco (17.9%, 95% CI: 5.7%\u201334.8%, 1997\u20132012), Tunisia (10.2%, 95% CI: 4.3%\u201318.0%, 1988\u20132009) and Sudan (9.2%, 95% CI: 6.5%\u201312.2%, 2006\u20132008), while the lowest were in Jordan (1.1%, 95% CI: 0.1%\u20133.0%, 1993\u20132010), Oman (1.2%, 95% CI: 1.2%\u20131.3%, 1998\u20132002) and Palestine (1.2%, 95% CI: 0.4%\u20132.1%, 1999\u20132011). In MENA, <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> pooled prevalence in gastrointestinal symptomatic, gastrointestinal asymptomatic and food handlers population groups was 13.0% (95% CI: 7.6%\u201319.6%), 11.4% (95% CI: 2.2%\u201325.7%) and 3.8% (95% CI: 1.0%\u20138.0%), respectively. <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> prevalence was 14.5% (95% CI: 8.7%\u201326.1%) in studies tested &lt;100 subjects, whereas 4.6% (95% CI: 3.6%\u20135.8%) in studies tested \u2265100 subjects. <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Enteritidis (29.8%) and Typhimurium (23.6%) were the most common serotypes. <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> was a common foodborne pathogen in MENA countries, particularly in North African countries. Findings inform the scientific community, the public and the decision\u2010makers with <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> prevalence and gaps in evidence in MENA to support control and prevention strategies and could leverage more research studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T05:14:08Z","timestamp":1563340448000},"page":"701-728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Prevalence of enteric non\u2010typhoidal <i>Salmonella<\/i> in humans in the Middle East and North Africa: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Rami H.","family":"Al\u2010Rifai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences United Arab Emirates University Al\u2010Ain United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karima","family":"Chaabna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Population Health Weill Cornell Medicine\u2010Qatar Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Denagamage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5643-8659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walid Q.","family":"Alali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health Kuwait University Safat Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2010.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2013.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2007.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2007.05139.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2018.71.2.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.1999.00847.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030006059402200106"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"An outbreak of food poisoning associated with restaurant\u2010made mayonnaise in Abha, Saudi Arabia","volume":"16","author":"al\u2010Ahmadi K. 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