{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:32:15Z","timestamp":1762522335636,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,21]],"date-time":"2019-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007588","name":"Washington State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007588","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Coccidioides immitis<\/jats:italic> is an emerging fungal pathogen in Washington State (WA). While the geographical boundaries of <jats:italic>C. immitis<\/jats:italic> in WA have not been well characterized, human infections have resulted from exposure in the south\u2010central region of the state. Since 2010, only one dog has been identified as a probable locally acquired animal case, despite pilot canine serological surveys from south\u2010central WA revealing a 9.8% seroprevalence. On the suspicion that clinical animal cases may be underdiagnosed and\/or underreported, we assessed WA veterinarians\u2019 knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding coccidioidomycosis. All veterinarians with active licenses in WA were invited to complete a self\u2010administered, web\u2010based survey from November 2018 to January 2019. Four hundred and twenty\u2010five of 2,211 (19.2%) veterinarians returned the survey and were eligible for inclusion in the final analysis. Nearly, all respondents (98.8%) had heard of coccidioidomycosis, but only 31.5% and 25.6% knew that locally acquired animal and human cases, respectively, had been reported in WA. Only half (52.6%) of participants knew that the disease was reportable. Fewer than 20% of respondents reported confidence that their knowledge of coccidioidomycosis was up to date, and 76.9% \u201cnever\u201d or \u201crarely\u201d considered the risk of disease in their patients. A statistically significant predictor of a high knowledge score (\u226570%), however, included practicing in endemic counties where the Washington State Department of Health had previously delivered outreach and education services. While the results suggest some success with these activities, it is clear that information on the emergence of coccidioidomycosis is not adequately reaching veterinary practitioners in WA. The data support that more frequent CE opportunities, and dissemination of public health communications through veterinary\u2010specific modalities, would help fill the knowledge gap. In turn, improved diagnosis and reporting of animal cases would assist in our overall understanding the epidemiology of coccidioidomycosis in WA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,21]],"date-time":"2019-09-21T09:28:36Z","timestamp":1569058116000},"page":"25-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A survey of veterinarians\u2019 knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding an emerging disease: Coccidioidomycosis in Washington State"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0556-4369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison E.","family":"James","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health Washington State University Pullman WA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"McCall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social and Economic Sciences Research Center, Department of Sociology Washington State University Pullman WA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristen R.","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social and Economic Sciences Research Center Washington State University Pullman WA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ron D.","family":"Wohrle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Public Health Division Washington State Department of Health Olympia WA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna N.","family":"Oltean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communicable Disease Epidemiology Washington State Department of Health Shoreline WA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis: Epidemiology","volume":"5","author":"Brown J.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019).Valley Fever Maps [website]. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/fungal\/diseases\/coccidioidomycosis\/maps.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2010.547995","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices among healthcare providers\u2013Arizona, 2007","volume":"49","author":"Chen S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Medical Mycology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0440226"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hubber J. Person A. Flodin\u2010Hursh D. Stiffler J. Hill H. Bassham S. & \u2026H. N.(2018).Knowledge attitudes and practices regarding coccidioidomycosis among healthcare providers in four counties in Washington State 2017. Presented at the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Annual Conference West Palm Beach FL.","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myz111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2501.180411"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.233.8.1242"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis1028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"450","article-title":"Coccidioides immitis identified in soil outside of its known range \u2010 Washington, 2013","volume":"63","author":"Marsden\u2010Haug N.","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)"},{"volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2018","author":"R Core Team","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"Salamone A. Wohrle R. Kansiger D. Oltean H. N. &Clifford W.(2019).Expanding the known distribution of Coccidioides in Washington State through One Health surveillance. Presented at the 63rd Annual Coccidioidomycosis Study Group Meeting Sacramento CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1406.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.226.1846"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199504203321607"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2019.104711"},{"volume-title":"WAC 16\u201370\u2010020 [website]","year":"2019","author":"Washington Administrative Code","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1"}],"container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fzph.12651","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.12651","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/zph.12651","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.12651","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T21:50:12Z","timestamp":1694123412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/zph.12651"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,21]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/zph.12651"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.12651","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1959","1863-2378"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1863-1959"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1863-2378"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-05-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-09-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-09-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}