{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:48:20Z","timestamp":1781650100910,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,2]],"date-time":"2019-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1049558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1049558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Q fever (caused by<jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>) is a serious zoonotic disease that occurs almost worldwide. Occupational contact with animals increases the risk of exposure, and Q fever vaccination is recommended for veterinary workers in Australia. This study aimed to investigate<jats:italic>C.\u00a0burnetii<\/jats:italic>seroprevalence among unvaccinated veterinary workers in Australia and determine factors associated with a positive serological result. During 2014 and 2015, convenience sampling at veterinary conferences and workplace vaccination clinics was undertaken. Participants completed a questionnaire and provided a blood sample for<jats:italic>C.\u00a0burnetii<\/jats:italic>serology. Participants were predominantly veterinarians (77%), but veterinary support staff, animal scientists, and administration workers also participated. Blood samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0192) were analysed by an immunofluorescence assay and considered positive where the phase I or phase II IgG titre was \u22651\/50. Seroprevalence was 19% (36\/192; 95% CI 14%\u201325%). A positive serological result was significantly associated with (a) working in outer regional\/remote areas (odds ratio [OR] 6.2; 95% CI 1.9\u201320.8; reference\u00a0=\u00a0major cities;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.009) and (b) having spent more than 50% of total career working with ruminants (OR 4.8; 95% CI 1.7\u201313.5; reference\u00a0=\u00a0&lt;15% of career;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.025). These findings confirm an increased risk of exposure to<jats:italic>C.\u00a0burnetii<\/jats:italic>compared to the general population, providing new evidence to support Q fever vaccination of veterinary workers in Australia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,2]],"date-time":"2019-11-02T07:40:22Z","timestamp":1572680422000},"page":"79-88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["<i>Coxiella burnetii<\/i>seroprevalence in unvaccinated veterinary workers in Australia: Evidence to support Q fever vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9360-1419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Sellens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Camperdown NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7561-2162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrina L.","family":"Bosward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Camperdown NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0003-6930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline M.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Camperdown NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney Camperdown NSW Australia"},{"name":"National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance Westmead NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3993-0160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Heller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Graves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory University Hospital Geelong Geelong Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7595-9281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather F.","family":"Gidding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance Westmead NSW Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Community Medicine UNSW Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia"},{"name":"Clinical and Population Perinatal Health Research Kolling Institute Northern Sydney Local Health District St Leonards NSW Australia"},{"name":"The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020018907452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.07.016"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Emergence of Q Fever","volume":"40","author":"Angelakis E.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"Australian Veterinary Workforce Survey 2014(2014). Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.ava.com.au\/sites\/default\/files\/AVA_website\/pdfs\/Australian%20veterinary%20workforce%20survey%20report%202014.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"Canberra: Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI), Australian Government Department of Health","author":"Australian Immunisation Handbook","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0879"},{"issue":"488","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Human dose response relation for airborne exposure to Coxiella burnetii","volume":"13","author":"Brooke R. J.","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/520661"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2009.01290.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9062.211691","article-title":"The seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in Erzincan, Turkey: Identification of the risk factors and their relationship with geographical features","volume":"54","author":"Cikman A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3135-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12465"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","volume-title":"Q fever in a veterinary hospital; an unusual epidemiology","author":"Gibbons G. C.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.13004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000871"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis734"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir132"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0268"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2003.tb00415.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03472-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-003-0237-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X13487360"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/NB11037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12784"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/158.1.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","volume-title":"Q fever in a small animal hospital","author":"Maywood P.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1909"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2305.151159"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155884"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268814003926"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268814001083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2012.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","volume-title":"Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS): Volume 5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810002268"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit129"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146819"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198421"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12305"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12250"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812000404"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","volume-title":"The little book of rural health numbers: Demography"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1007.030724"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1225-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007605414042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054021"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19521","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.12.19521-en","article-title":"Q fever outbreak in Cheltenham, United Kingdom, in 2007 and the use of dispersion modelling to investigate the possibility of airborne spread separator","volume":"15","author":"Wallensten A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/596705"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116937"}],"container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fzph.12658","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.12658","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/zph.12658","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.12658","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T04:14:05Z","timestamp":1721967245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/zph.12658"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,2]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/zph.12658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.12658","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1959","1863-2378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-1959","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-2378","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-02-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-10-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}