{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T13:27:43Z","timestamp":1784813263062,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Norwegian Environmental Agency","award":["Health\u2019s Surveillance Program for Cervids and Mu"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Health\u2019s Surveillance Program for Cervids and Mu"]}]},{"name":"Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services","award":["B1412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B1412"]}]},{"name":"EU Interreg","award":["167226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["167226"]}]},{"name":"EU Interreg","award":["20200422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200422"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tick\u2010borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the causative agent of tick\u2010borne encephalitis (TBE). TBEV is one of the most important neurological pathogens transmitted by tick bites in Europe. The objectives of this study were to investigate the seroprevalence of TBE antibodies in cervids in Norway and the possible emergence of new foci, and furthermore to evaluate if cervids can function as sentinel animals for the distribution of TBEV in the country. Serum samples from 286 moose, 148 roe deer, 140 red deer and 83 reindeer from all over Norway were collected and screened for TBE immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies with a modified commercial enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmed by TBEV serum neutralisation test (SNT). The overall seroprevalence against the TBEV complex in the cervid specimens from Norway was 4.6%. The highest number of seropositive cervids was found in south\u2010eastern Norway, but seropositive cervids were also detected in southern\u2010 and central Norway. Antibodies against TBEV detected by SNT were present in 9.4% of the moose samples, 1.4% in red deer, 0.7% in roe deer, and nil in reindeer. The majority of the positive samples in our study originated from areas where human cases of TBE have been reported in Norway. The study is the first comprehensive screening of cervid species in Norway for antibodies to TBEV, and shows that cervids are useful sentinel animals to indicate TBEV occurrence, as supplement to studies in ticks. Furthermore, the results indicate that TBEV might be spreading northwards in Norway. This information may be of relevance for public health considerations and supports previous findings of TBEV in ticks in Norway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T13:46:31Z","timestamp":1576763191000},"page":"342-351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Cervids as sentinel\u2010species for tick\u2010borne encephalitis virus in Norway \u2010 A serological study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5680-7426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrine M.","family":"Paulsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0348-4808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos G.","family":"das Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2740-8562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik G.","family":"Granquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2886-4949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Knut","family":"Madslien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Snorre","family":"Stuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences Section of Small Ruminant Research and Herd Health Norwegian University of Life Sciences Sandnes Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6154-9668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedikte N.","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Natural Science and Environmental Health University of South\u2010Eastern Norway B\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3706-1603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rose","family":"Vikse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Rocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Surveillance Unit Moredun Research Institute Penicuik Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellie","family":"Laming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Surveillance Unit Moredun Research Institute Penicuik Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Stiasny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Virology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1614-6747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c5shild K.","family":"Andreassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-177"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"European ungulates and their management in the 21st century","author":"Apollonio M.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-70-1-37"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807000039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1958.7.561"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0081-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-012-0100-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3515-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","volume-title":"Ecology and management of the North American moose","author":"Franzmann A. W.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-74-1-109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800058477"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-009-1430-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2000.00236.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-1742(32)80008-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic methods in clinical virology","author":"Grist N. R.","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2013.00048"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2146.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00378733"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-184"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3057-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2306.161247"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.062356-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-012-9585-2"},{"issue":"26","key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","first-page":"2563","article-title":"Densities of the tick (Ixodes ricinus) and coexistence of the Louping ill virus and tick borne encephalitis on the island of Bornholm","volume":"166","author":"Jensen P. M.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ugeskrift for Laeger"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/153036604773082960"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-41.2.162"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-012-0105-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2011.00961.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.12.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-10-78"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(99)80005-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2013.865140"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3168-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"The distribution and host relations of Norwegian ticks (Acari, Ixodides)","volume":"30","author":"Mehl R.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Fauna Norwgica Series B"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00298"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","first-page":"106","volume-title":"The census and management of populations of ungulates in Europe","author":"Morellet N.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00285-002-0183-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","volume-title":"Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases","author":"Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases (MSIS)","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","unstructured":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute(2019). Retrieved fromwww.vetinst.no 31.10.19."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12412"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12554"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","volume-title":"TBE in Norway","author":"Paulsen K. M.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360000209"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004004925"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2011.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S002217240002516X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2019.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1107.041265"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","volume-title":"Hjortevilt 2009 \u2010 \u00c5rsrapport fra Overv\u00e5kingsprogrammet for hjortevilt","author":"Solberg E. J.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2017.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.09.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2010.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.1965.65.4.613"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","first-page":"337","article-title":"Ixodes ricinus og piroplasmisen i Norge (Meddelselse fra Bergens Museums zoologisk avdeling.)","volume":"55","author":"Tambs\u2010Lyche H.","year":"1943","journal-title":"Norsk Veterin\u00e6rtidskrift"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/iee.v5.29862"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","volume-title":"Veterinary epidemiology","author":"Thrusfield M. V.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1335-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","first-page":"639\u2013664|","article-title":"Louping\u2010ill (tick\u2010borne encephalitis) in sheep in Norway","volume":"95","author":"Ulvund M.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Norsk Veterin\u00e6rtidskrift"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2005.5.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1308.061416"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.1023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-370"}],"container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fzph.12675","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.12675","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/zph.12675","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.12675","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T13:46:34Z","timestamp":1694007994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/zph.12675"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/zph.12675"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.12675","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1959","1863-2378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-1959","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-2378","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-05-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}