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Long\u2010term prevalence of H9N2 avian influenza A virus in China and adjacent regions favours the interspecies transmissions from avian to human. Establishment of multiple genotypes of H9N2 variants in this region contributes to the emergence of novel H7N9 and H10N8 viruses which caused human fatalities. Recent increasing human infection with H9N2 virus in China highlights the necessity to closely monitor the interspecies transmission events. Available human H9N2 sequences revealed that Y280\/G9 lineage was responsible for the most of human cases. Presence of adaptive mutations beyond the human\u2010like receptor binding was indicative of the capacity of readily infecting new hosts without prior adaptation. Moreover, enlarged host range of H9N2 virus in this region substantially increased the transmission among mammals. Meanwhile, serological surveys implied human was more susceptible to H9N2 infection, compared with panzootic H5 and H7 subtype avian influenza virus. Thus, control at the source will be the ultimate and effective option for H9N2 pandemic preparedness. This review comprehensively summarized recent updates on H9N2 human infections, aiming to shed light on the prevention strategies against this strain with pandemic potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]],"date-time":"2020-01-13T00:59:35Z","timestamp":1578877175000},"page":"203-212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Human\u2010infecting influenza A (H9N2) virus: A forgotten potential pandemic strain?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Viral Disease Control and Prevention China CDC Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2501.180618"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2012.00973.x"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"e1007919","article-title":"PB2 mutations arising during H9N2 influenza evolution in the Middle East confer enhanced replication and growth in mammals","volume":"15","author":"Arai Y.","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoSPathog"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.11.5760-5767.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60111-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2011.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82783-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"76","article-title":"Characterization of hemagglutinin gene of influenza A virus subtype H9N2","volume":"114","author":"Guo Y.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chinese Medical Journal (Engl)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1999.0115"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Discovery of men infected by avian influenza A (H9N2) virus","volume":"13","author":"Guo Y.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"Characterization of internal genes of two strains of influenza A (H9N2) virus isolated from men","volume":"17","author":"Guo Y. 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