{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:44:10Z","timestamp":1792813450444,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The occurrence of Crimean\u2010Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in humans is linked with animals living in close vicinity, and information on the incidence of CCHF at the human\u2013animal interface is scarce. Therefore, the current study was designed to identify the high\u2010risk groups of individuals linked with animals in the Chakwal district of Pakistan having a history of CCHF cases in humans. In subject matter, coupled with risk factor analysis, we performed a sero\u2010based CCHF surveillance in three selected risk groups of humans including abattoir workers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0137), milkmen (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0169) and animal handlers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0147). Sera samples and questionnaire\u2010based data were collected from each of the participants and screened for anti\u2010CCHFV IgG antibodies using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. The highest seroprevalence was observed in animal handlers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a014, 9.52%, 95% CI: 4.68\u201313.99) followed by abattoir workers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a09, 6.57%, 95% CI: 2.42\u201310.72) and milkmen (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03, 1.78%, 95% CI: 0.24\u20134.24). The risk of seropositivity was significantly associated with humans linked with tick\u2010infested animals (OR: 11.0, 95% CI: 1.5\u201383.0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.002), old age &gt;40\u00a0years (OR: 6.6, 95% CI: 2.7\u201316.0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001), illiteracy (OR: 4.3, 95% CI: 1.5\u201313.0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.004) and humans without knowledge about CCHF (OR: 7.6, 95% CI: 1.8\u201333.0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0009). The findings of the current study highlighted the seroprevalence of CCHF in high\u2010risk groups of humans living in a disease\u2010endemic area of Pakistan and highlight the need for well\u2010integrated disease surveillance in the future to better comprehend disease control interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T08:08:31Z","timestamp":1586938111000},"page":"755-759","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Seroprevalence of Crimean\u2010Congo haemorrhagic fever among three selected risk human groups in disease\u2010endemic region of Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5906-344X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Furqan","family":"Shahid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3562-007X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Zubair","family":"Shabbir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Operation Laboratory University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamran","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muzaffar","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases Duke\u2010NUS Medical School Singapore City Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saima","family":"Yaqub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Mukhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Zafar Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary and Secondary Healthcare Department Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zarfishan","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8698-3818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tahir","family":"Yaqub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-017-3358-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2015.545"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"2675","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Crimean\u2010Congo hemorrhagic fever in Turkey's Van province","volume":"2015","author":"Bayram Y.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0553"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1980.29.941"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"72","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of crimean congo hemorrhagic Fever in slaughterhouse workers in north eastern 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