{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T14:01:55Z","timestamp":1771855315606,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Salmonellosis is one of several reportable diseases in Ontario (ON). Two or more cases of the same serotype that are linked to a common exposure or related to one another in time and\/or space are considered a potential outbreak. While laboratory data can help to determine the molecular relatedness of cases, results may take up to several weeks. This study aimed to assess the utility of the retrospective spatial scan statistic in detecting clusters of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Heidelberg and <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Typhimurium cases using data from ON in 2015. Identified clusters were validated by laboratory data (where available) to determine whether identified clusters were likely outbreaks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data representing the location of each reported <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Heidelberg or <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium case in 2015, responsible serotype and symptom onset date were exported to SaTScan for retrospective spatial, temporal, and space\u2010time analyses using the spatial scan statistic with Bernoulli models and a space\u2010time permutation model. Analyses were performed with and without those cases linked to known outbreaks. Laboratory subtyping data (i.e. pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and\/or phage type) and food and environmental exposure information (e.g. travel, animal contact, poultry and other food item consumption) were used to explore the relatedness of cases within identified clusters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spatial, temporal and space\u2010time analyses identified a known outbreak of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Heidelberg in 2015 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a09 cases) and a previously unidentified cluster of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Heidelberg cases. Most cases (94%) within a cluster detected via a space\u2010time permutation model of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Heidelberg cases shared an identical PFGE pattern and appeared to represent a true outbreak.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The spatial scan statistic, and particularly the space\u2010time permutation model, could assist in outbreak identification before laboratory data are available, allowing for faster cluster identification and implementation of control measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T08:24:51Z","timestamp":1592555091000},"page":"617-628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Detection of spatial, temporal and space\u2010time <i>Salmonella<\/i> Heidelberg and <i>Salmonella<\/i> Typhimurium clusters in Ontario in 2015, and comparisons to known outbreaks"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7087-6599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Paphitis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine University of Guelph Ontario Veterinary College Guelph Canada"},{"name":"Infection Prevention and Control Public Health Ontario Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Pearl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine University of Guelph Ontario Veterinary College Guelph Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3537-0629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olaf","family":"Berke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine University of Guelph Ontario Veterinary College Guelph Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott A.","family":"McEwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine University of Guelph Ontario Veterinary College Guelph Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lise","family":"Trotz\u2010Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine University of Guelph Ontario Veterinary College Guelph Canada"},{"name":"Wellington\u2010Dufferin\u2010Guelph Public Health Guelph Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02200-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007-0457"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"The Canadian Food Safety System: Recalls","author":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA)","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"Newsroom: Food Recall Warnings: Complete listing of all recalls and allergy alerts","author":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA)","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268819001651"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2016.2185"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268805004383"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810002281"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817000504"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/CCDM.2745"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-16-431"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03610929708831995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","volume-title":"SaTScan\u2122 v8.0: Software for the spatial and space\u2010time scan statistics","author":"Kulldorff M.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","volume-title":"SaTScan User Guide for Version 9.6","author":"Kulldorff M.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0020059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume-title":"Whole Genome Sequencing for enteric pathogen surveillance and outbreak investigations. 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