{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:22:44Z","timestamp":1793038964644,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007351","name":"Secretaria de Ciencia y Tecnica, Universidad de Buenos Aires","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007351","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A rodent survey was conducted in different landscape units of the city of Buenos Aires (Argentina) to determine the prevalence of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> in <jats:italic>Rattus norvegicus<\/jats:italic> and to, ultimately, assess the biotic, environmental and meteorological factors that explain the variations of the likelihood of infection for both parasites in an urban environment. The results of this study revealed a ubiquitous presence of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> in <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>norvegicus<\/jats:italic> within an urban environment with the likelihood of infection depending on environmental and meteorological conditions for both parasites. The overall prevalence was greater for <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a050.4%) than for <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> (20.3%). The prevalence for both parasites separately was higher in parks compared to shantytowns and scrap metal yards. Generalized Linear Mixed Models revealed that the occurrence of these parasites separately, at an individual level, was positively related with rainfall variables and that the effect of temperature depended on the landscape unit. The similarities in the transmission modes, which are affected by common extrinsic factors, may facilitate the co\u2010occurrence of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> in urban rats. <jats:italic>Rattus norvegicus<\/jats:italic> is recognized as a good model for epidemiological studies and the results of this work suggest that, from an epidemiological point of view, the probability of contact with infectious oocysts and cysts of these parasites can be modulated through environmental management and healthy behaviour towards risk factors. The information presented here will be useful to improve the understanding of the dynamics of zoonotic diseases within urban environments and to contribute to the decision\u2010making of new and effective prophylactic measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T19:08:34Z","timestamp":1603912114000},"page":"903-912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Co\u2010occurrence of and risk factors for <i>Cryptosporidium<\/i> and <i>Giardia<\/i> in brown rats from Buenos Aires, Argentina"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9507-3928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Hancke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dto. de Ecolog\u00eda Gen\u00e9tica y Evoluci\u00f3n Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda Gen\u00e9tica y Evoluci\u00f3n de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA) UBA\u2010CONICET Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga Virginia","family":"Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dto. de Ecolog\u00eda Gen\u00e9tica y Evoluci\u00f3n Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda Gen\u00e9tica y Evoluci\u00f3n de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA) UBA\u2010CONICET Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/210385"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182008004952"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182002001865","article-title":"Prevalence and abundance of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia spp. in wild rural rodents from the Mazury Lake District region of Poland","volume":"125","author":"Bajer A.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2006.00089.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"Linear mixed\u2010effects models using Eigen and S4","author":"Bates D.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2016.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Model selection and multimodel inference: A practical information\u2010theoretic approach","author":"Burnham K. 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