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A computerized literature search of electronic databases (PubMed and CAB abstracts) was performed along with hand searches of library resources for relevant papers, books, abstracts and conference proceedings. A random\u2010effect model was employed to calculate pooled seroprevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals, and I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. Further, moderator analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of geographical area on the seroprevalence in roe deer. From a total of 190 studies initially identified, 16 and 8 articles were included for roe deer and red deer, respectively. These comprise 3,913 roe deer and 2,913 red deer from different European countries. The pooled seroprevalence was estimated to be 29% (95% CI: 23%\u201335%) in roe deer and 15% (95% CI: 10%\u201320%) in red deer. High heterogeneity was detected in the seroprevalence data within each species. In roe deer, the pooled seroprevalence estimate was significantly different according to geographical area with 40% (95% CI: 31%\u201349%) in Western Europe, 31% (95% CI: 21%\u201343%) in Northern Europe, 27% (95% CI: 15%\u201341%) in Eastern Europe and 21% (95% CI: 14%\u201328%) in Southern Europe. The present study indicates a moderate exposure to <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> in roe deer and red deer in Europe, with very high prevalence in Western Europe. Our results highlight the significant risk associated to the consumption of venison, encouraging proper handling and cooking of game meat to prevent toxoplasmosis in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T06:53:00Z","timestamp":1604904780000},"page":"182-193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> in roe deer (<i>Capreolus capreolus<\/i>) and red deer (<i>Cervus elaphus<\/i>) in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8204-1230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Fanelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Turin Grugliasco 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