{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T23:40:11Z","timestamp":1787787611155,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]],"date-time":"2020-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008425","name":"Conseller\u00eda de Cultura, Educaci\u00f3n e Ordenaci\u00f3n Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431C2017\/57"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431C2017\/57"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008425","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008425","name":"Conseller\u00eda de Cultura, Educaci\u00f3n e Ordenaci\u00f3n Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED481A\u20102015\/149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED481A\u20102015\/149"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008425","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The role of wildlife in the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance is unclear. Raccoons in North America can carry a variety of enteric bacteria, with associated antimicrobial resistance, that could infect humans and livestock. The potential for raccoons to carry these bacteria in Europe, where they are an invasive species, has not been explored. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of <jats:italic>Escherichia\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic> with associated antimicrobial resistance in raccoons from the Madrid region of Spain and to determine whether they are carriers of potential human pathogens, including verotoxin\u2010producing <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic> (VTEC) and enteropathogenic <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic> (EPEC). In total, we tested 237 <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic> isolates from the faeces of 83 euthanized raccoons for susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents and the presence of VTEC and EPEC. Antimicrobial resistance to at least one antimicrobial was detected in the faeces of 51% (42\/83; 95% CI, 40.1\u201361.1) of the raccoons tested. A high percentage of raccoons carried, in their faeces, <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic> isolates resistant to ampicillin (33%), streptomycin (33%), tetracycline (30%), sulphafurazole (31%) and trimethoprim\u2010sulphamethoxazole (23%). We detected one isolate of extended\u2010spectrum \u03b2\u2010lactamase\u2010producing <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic> from the faeces of one raccoon. We detected VTEC in the faeces of one raccoon, and EPEC in the faeces of 12% (10\/83) of the raccoons. Of the raccoons that carried EPEC in their faeces, 60% (6\/10) carried EPEC isolates that exhibited characteristics associated with pathogenicity in humans. Raccoons in Madrid can carry pathogenic and antimicrobial\u2010resistant <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic> in their faeces and may be a risk to public health because of their potential to contaminate food and the environment with their faeces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]],"date-time":"2020-11-23T21:47:05Z","timestamp":1606168025000},"page":"69-78","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Raccoons (<i>Procyon lotor<\/i>) in the Madrid region of Spain are carriers of antimicrobial\u2010resistant <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> and enteropathogenic <i>E.\u00a0coli<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6352-1426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Orden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INMIVET Departamento de Sanidad Animal Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9974-6571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isidro","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Meni\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC) Facultade de Veterinaria Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0933-0850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saskia C.","family":"Flament\u2010Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC) Facultade de Veterinaria Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0264-4136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC) Facultade de Veterinaria Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4781-0513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"de la Fuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INMIVET Departamento de Sanidad Animal Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3405-7171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abel","family":"Mart\u00ednez\u2010Rodrigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INMIVET Departamento de Sanidad Animal Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8947-3207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicia","family":"Mas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INMIVET Departamento de Sanidad Animal Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7486-4942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Carri\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INMIVET Departamento de Sanidad Animal Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4968-8291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Sobrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Biolog\u00eda Molecular Severo Ochoa Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7693-653X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Dom\u00ednguez\u2010Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INMIVET Departamento de Sanidad Animal Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01752-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2016.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190380"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2010.04855.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Identification of two new intimin types in atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"9","author":"Blanco M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46518-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161497"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/1051-0761(2001)011[0295:RASPMF]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2412.180272"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2005.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10388"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01167-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2011.2322"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","volume-title":"ECDC country visit to Spain to discuss antimicrobial resistance issues","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01183"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-011-0157-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12147"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.71.1009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0125-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.3.4.345"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.08.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00705-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofv083"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2010.01384.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01530"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555819804.ch25"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063871102300114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.07520-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.1.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1204.051112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2002.01649.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268802008154"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0450.2000.00356.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3802774"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1644\/08-MAMM-A-201R2.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1674\/0003-0031-168.2.231"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2014.897683"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(01)00422-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2008.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00752-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/iee.v4.21565"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-019-1339-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.08.180"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","article-title":"Commission implementing regulation (EU) 2016\/1141 of 13 July 2016 adopting a list of invasive alien species of Union concern pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 1143\/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council","author":"The European Commission","year":"2016","journal-title":"Official Journal of European Union"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1411.070467"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(00)00145-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12596"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"The role of wildlife (wild birds) in the global transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes","volume":"38","author":"Wang J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zoological Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152571"}],"container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.12784","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/zph.12784","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.12784","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T18:51:49Z","timestamp":1693594309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/zph.12784"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/zph.12784"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.12784","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1959","1863-2378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-1959","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-2378","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-05-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}