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Exploring demographic, household and environmental conditions under which infectious diseases occur may inform strategies to prevent disease emergence in human populations. We collected blood samples from 523 humans and explore factors for arbovirus emergence in Bahia, Brazil. The overall arbovirus seroprevalence was 65.2%, with the genus <jats:italic>Flavivirus<\/jats:italic> most prevalent (64.4%). Based on monotypic reactions, the population had contact with five arbovirus: <jats:italic>Dengue<\/jats:italic> 3, <jats:italic>Ilheus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Oropouche<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Caraparu<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Eastern equine encephalitis<\/jats:italic> virus. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting exposure to <jats:italic>Oropouche<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Caraparu<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Eastern equine encephalitis<\/jats:italic> virus in human populations in Bahia, Northeast of Brazil. The best model fit demonstrated that household and environmental variables were more predictive of the risk of arbovirus exposure than demographic variables. The presence of forest and free\u2010living monkeys in the areas close to the communities had a protective effect for the human population (i.e. lower seroprevalence). The dilution effect is considered as one explanation for this finding. These results highlight the important ecological role of wildlife\u2010friendly agriculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,7]],"date-time":"2021-02-07T21:25:43Z","timestamp":1612733143000},"page":"203-212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Individual, household and environmental factors associated with arboviruses in rural human populations, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2257-7076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilian S.","family":"Catenacci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology Federal University of Piau\u00ed State Teresina Brazil"},{"name":"Federal University of Para State\u2010 Post Graduate Program PPGSAAM Castanhal Brazil"},{"name":"Institute for Conservation Medicine Saint Louis Zoo St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milene S.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers Evandro Chagas Institute\u2010 Ministry of Health Ananindeua Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debora","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers Evandro Chagas Institute\u2010 Ministry of Health Ananindeua Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Padda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Conservation Medicine Saint Louis Zoo St. Louis MO USA"},{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S.","family":"Travassos\u2010da\u2010Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers Evandro Chagas Institute\u2010 Ministry of Health Ananindeua Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon L.","family":"Deem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Conservation Medicine Saint Louis Zoo St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro F. 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