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Here we determined seroprevalence and risk factors associated with<jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic>in large game ungulates that cohabit in Sierras de Cazorla, Segura and Las Villas Natural Park (SCSV\u2010NP) (Southern Spain), a natural park with high human\u2013animal interaction. Antibodies against<jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic>in 328 wild ungulates were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT\u00a0\u2265\u00a01:25). Antibodies were found in 39 (11.9%, 95% CI: 8.4\u201315.4) wild ungulates, with seroprevalence levels of 20.8% in wild boars (<jats:italic>Sus scrofa<\/jats:italic>) (5\/24), 19.0% in fallow deer (<jats:italic>Dama dama<\/jats:italic>) (12\/63), 13.9% in Iberian ibex (<jats:italic>Capra pyrenaica hispanica<\/jats:italic>) (14\/101), 7.9% in red deer (<jats:italic>Cervus elaphus<\/jats:italic>) (6\/76), and 3.1% in mouflons (<jats:italic>Ovis aries musimon<\/jats:italic>) (2\/64). Significantly higher seroprevalence was observed in fallow deer and wild boars compared to mouflons. Animals living close to urban areas (&lt;2\u00a0km) had 4.6\u2010times higher risk compared to those living at &gt;5\u00a0km of urban areas. The results indicate high circulation of<jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic>in wild ungulates in SCSV\u2010NP, which is of animal and public health concern. The increased seroprevalence of<jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic>detected in wildlife ungulates living close to urban areas may increase human infection in those areas if meat from infected animals is consumed raw or undercooked.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T04:33:41Z","timestamp":1614054821000},"page":"263-270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Seroprevalence and risk factors of<i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>infection in wild ungulates that cohabit in a natural park with human\u2013animal interaction in the Mediterranean ecosystem"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Sonia","family":"Almer\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virulence Assessment Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Nutrition (CFSAN) Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA) Laurel MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5657-2567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Cano\u2010Terriza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health and Zoonosis Research Group (GISAZ) Department of Animal Health University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paloma","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sierras de Cazorla, Segura and Las Villas Natural Park Junta de Andaluc\u00eda Cazorla (Ja\u00e9n) Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitender P.","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Beltsville MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora","family":"Jim\u00e9nez\u2010Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health and Zoonosis Research Group (GISAZ) Department of Animal Health University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Castro\u2010Scholten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health and Zoonosis Research Group (GISAZ) Department of Animal Health University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Paniagua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health and Zoonosis Research Group (GISAZ) Department of Animal Health University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3388-2604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Bocanegra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health and Zoonosis Research Group (GISAZ) Department of Animal Health University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.7325\/Galemys.2009.2.A2","article-title":"Wild Boar abundance and hunting effectiveness in Atlantic Spain: Environmental constraints","volume":"21","author":"Acevedo P.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Galemys"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5705-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"European ungulates and their management in the 21st century","author":"Apollonio M.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-013-0701-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3408-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1126R.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12702"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32800\/abc.2012.35.0221"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12243"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.09.277"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/593702"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","volume-title":"Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans","author":"Dubey J. 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