{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:35:28Z","timestamp":1790638528809,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["301 021000 401134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["301 021000 401134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000003","name":"ArcticNet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> exposure in Inuit living in Nunavut (20%) is twice that of the US (11%); however, routes of exposure for Inuit communities in North America are unclear. Exposure to <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> in humans has been linked with consumption of raw or undercooked shellfish that can accumulate environmentally resistant oocysts. Bivalve shellfish, such as clams, are an important, nutritious, affordable and accessible source of food in many Northern Communities. To date, presence of <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> in clams in Northern Canada has not been reported. In this study, we tested for <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> presence in clams (<jats:italic>Mya truncata<\/jats:italic>) that were harvested in Iqaluit, Nunavut over a 1\u2010week period in September 2016. Of 390 clams, eight (2.1%) were confirmed to contain <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> DNA (\u226599.7% identity), as determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence confirmation. Additionally, three clams (0.8%) were confirmed to contain <jats:italic>Neospora caninum<\/jats:italic>\u2010like DNA (\u226599.2% identity). While <jats:italic>N.\u00a0caninum<\/jats:italic> is not known to be a zoonotic pathogen, its presence in shellfish indicates contamination of the nearshore with canid faeces, and the potential for marine mammal exposure through marine food webs. Notably, the PCR assay employed in this study does not discriminate between viable and non\u2010viable parasites. These findings suggest a possible route for parasite exposure through shellfish in Iqaluit, Nunavut. Future research employing viability testing will further inform public health messaging on the infectious potential of <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> in shellfish.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T07:30:13Z","timestamp":1614756613000},"page":"277-283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Clams and potential foodborne <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> in Nunavut, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3852-0549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Fung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3377-1608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna J. W.","family":"Manore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherilee L.","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada"},{"name":"School of Public Health University of Alberta Edmonton Clinic Health Academy Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan M.","family":"Sargeant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamal","family":"Shirley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nunavut Research Institute Nunavut Arctic College Iqaluit NU Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Caughey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2678-3851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology School of Veterinary Medicine One Health Institute University of California Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3408-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-2037-3_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Nunavut fisheries strategy","author":"Department of Environment, Fisheries and Sealing Division, Government of Nunavut","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Nutrition fact sheet series inuit traditional foods","author":"Department of Health","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(03)00263-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"Inuit health survey 2007\u20132008: Nunavut","author":"Egeland G. 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