{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:36:16Z","timestamp":1790519776077,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]],"date-time":"2021-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Antimicrobials are extensively used both prophylactically and therapeutically in poultry production. Despite this, there are little data on the effect of antimicrobial use (AMU) on disease incidence rate and per cent mortality. We investigated the relationships between AMU and disease and between AMU and mortality using data from a large (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0322 flocks) cohort of small\u2010scale chicken flocks in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, that were followed longitudinally from day old to slaughter (5,566 observation weeks). We developed a parameterized algorithm to emulate a randomized control trial from observational data by categorizing the observation weeks into \u2018non\u2010AMU\u2019, \u2018prophylactic AMU\u2019 and \u2018therapeutic AMU\u2019. To evaluate the prophylactic AMU effect, we compared the frequencies of clinical signs in \u2018non\u2010AMU\u2019 and \u2018prophylactic AMU\u2019 periods. To analyse therapeutic AMU, we compared weekly per cent mortality between the weeks of disease episodes before and after AMU. Analyses were stratified by clinical signs (4) and antimicrobial classes (13). Prophylactic AMU never reduced the probability of disease, and some antimicrobial classes such as lincosamides, amphenicols and penicillins increased the risk. The risk of diarrhoea consistently increased with prophylactic AMU. Therapeutic AMU often had an effect on mortality, but the pattern was inconsistent across the combinations of antimicrobial classes and clinical signs with 14\/29 decreasing and 11\/29 increasing the per cent weekly mortality. Lincosamides, methenamines and cephalosporins were the only three antimicrobial classes that always decreased the mortality when used therapeutically. Results were robust respective to the parameters values of the weeks categorization algorithm. This information should help support policy efforts and interventions aiming at reducing AMU in animal production.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]],"date-time":"2021-05-02T06:26:23Z","timestamp":1619936783000},"page":"483-492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effects of prophylactic and therapeutic antimicrobial uses in small\u2010scale chicken flocks"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Nguyen","family":"Van Cuong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bach Tuan","family":"Kiet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sub\u2010Department of Animal Health and Production (SDAHP) Cao Lanh Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doan Hoang","family":"Phu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"},{"name":"Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine University of Agriculture and Forestry Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Thi Bich","family":"Van","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vo Be","family":"Hien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine University of Agriculture and Forestry Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Thwaites","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9161-8890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Carrique\u2010Mas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5187-6390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Choisy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ijar.2014.265.270"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"783","article-title":"Characterization of viral, bacterial, and parasitic causes of disease in small\u2010scale chicken flocks in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam","volume":"99","author":"BichVan N. T.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2018.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12165"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1947-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098619876749"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.08.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.i103677"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"The FAO Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations","author":"FAO","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031811-124606"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009836"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00235"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491212700103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1761-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1647\/2010-038.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1120238109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","volume-title":"List of Antimicrobial Agents of Veterinary Importance","author":"OIE","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.31.1.2106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S4328"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2011.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew088"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1503141112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315370279"}],"container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.12839","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/zph.12839","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.12839","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T16:04:19Z","timestamp":1693411459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/zph.12839"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/zph.12839"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.12839","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.07.02.183715","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1863-1959","1863-2378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-1959","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-2378","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-11-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}