{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T19:11:13Z","timestamp":1781291473958,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Salmonellosis is one of several zoonotic diseases for which individuals with occupational animal contact, including abattoir workers, are at an increased risk. If meat is contaminated during slaughter, this can increase the risk of enteric illness for consumers. In this study, we investigated whether reported cases of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Heidelberg and Typhimurium were clustered around abattoirs in Ontario in 2015 and whether there was any evidence (laboratory\/exposure) to suggest an abattoir at the centre of a cluster might be the source of exposure. Data for each reported case of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0Heidelberg and <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0Typhimurium in Ontario in 2015 were collected. Multi\u2010focused and non\u2010focused spatial and space\u2010time cluster detection tests were performed for each serotype, with and without cases linked to known outbreaks, using Poisson and space\u2010time permutation models. Focused tests included the location of abattoirs operational in all or part of 2015. Laboratory data and exposure information were used to explore the relatedness of cases within identified clusters. Focused spatial tests identified clusters of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0Heidelberg and <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0Typhimurium around abattoirs. Focused space\u2010time permutation tests identified 2 significant space\u2010time clusters of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0Heidelberg; one cluster (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a011 cases) included 8 of 9 cases associated with a known outbreak and the other cluster (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a018 cases) was not part of a previously identified outbreak. Review of laboratory and risk factor information suggested that cases within each cluster shared a common exposure. Cases were not asked about goat or sheep meat consumption. The focused cluster test, particularly with the space\u2010time permutation model, could assist in identifying outbreaks associated with a particular physical location, such as an abattoir. Improvements to the current case investigation process, such as consistent collection and reporting of high\u2010risk occupation information and more detailed food consumption history, could assist in outbreak identification when coupled with this statistic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T06:32:31Z","timestamp":1620973951000},"page":"609-621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Detection of spatial and spatio\u2010temporal <i>Salmonella<\/i> Heidelberg and <i>Salmonella<\/i> Typhimurium human case clusters focused around licensed abattoirs in Ontario in 2015, and their potential relation to known outbreaks"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7087-6599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Paphitis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph  Guelph ON Canada"},{"name":"Health Protection Public Health Ontario  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Pearl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph  Guelph ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"Berke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph  Guelph ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott A.","family":"McEwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph  Guelph ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise","family":"Trotz\u2010Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph  Guelph ON Canada"},{"name":"Wellington\u2010Dufferin\u2010Guelph Public Health  Guelph ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S98271"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811000628"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Work\u2010related infectious and parasitic diseases Australia","author":"Australian Government, Australian Safety and Compensation Council","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Hazards exposures of workers of animal related occupations in Abeokuta Southwestern, Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"Awosile B.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Advances"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS)","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2014.1753"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"Food Premises. 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