{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T18:28:02Z","timestamp":1771007282562,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013372","name":"Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013372","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous work identified that bacterial zoonoses (<jats:italic>Brucella species<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Leptospira hardjo)<\/jats:italic> were present in Cameroonian pastoral cattle. To assess the characteristics of this zoonotic risk, we analyse seroprevalence of each pathogen and the associated management, herd and environmental factors in Cameroonian pastoral and dairy cattle. Cross\u2010sectional samples included pastoralist herds in the Northwest Region (NWR <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0750) and Vina Division (VD <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0748) and small holder dairy herds in the NWR (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a060). Exposure to <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>C.\u00a0burnetii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L.\u00a0hardjo<\/jats:italic> were screened for using commercial ELISAs and population adjusted estimates made. In addition, individual, herd and ecological metadata were collected and used to identify risk factors associated with animal\u2010level seropositivity. In the pastoral cattle, seroprevalence to <jats:italic>Brucella spp<\/jats:italic>. was relatively low but was higher in the NWR (4.2%, CI: 2.5%\u20137.0%) than the VD (1.1%: CI 0.5%\u20132.4%), while <jats:italic>L.\u00a0hardjo<\/jats:italic> seroprevalence was much higher though similar in the NWR (30.7%, CI 26.3%\u201335.5%) and VD (35.9%, CI 31.3%\u201340.7%). No differences were noted in <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> seroprevalence between the two study sites (NWR: 14.6%, CI 11.8%\u201318.0%. VD: 12.4%, 9.6%\u201315.9%). Compared to pastoral, dairy cattle had lower seroprevalences for <jats:italic>L. hardjo<\/jats:italic> (1.7%, CI: 0.0%\u20134.9%), <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> (0.0%, CI 0.0%\u20136.0%) but similar for <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp. (5.0%, CI 0.0%\u201310.6%). Increased odds of <jats:italic>Brucella spp<\/jats:italic>. seropositivity were associated with owning sheep or rearing sheep and fencing cattle in at night. Adult cattle had increased odds of being seropositive for both <jats:italic>C.\u00a0burnetii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L.\u00a0hardjo<\/jats:italic>. Additionally, exposure to <jats:italic>C.\u00a0burnetii<\/jats:italic> was associated with local ecological conditions and <jats:italic>L.\u00a0hardjo<\/jats:italic> was negatively associated with cattle undertaking transhumance. This work highlights that exposure to these 3 important production diseases and occupational zoonoses are widespread in Cameroonian cattle. Further work is required to understand transmission dynamics between humans and livestock to inform implementation of effective control measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T16:52:42Z","timestamp":1623775962000},"page":"781-793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The epidemiology of bacterial zoonoses in pastoral and dairy cattle in Cameroon, Central Africa"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0946-1490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert F.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saidou M.","family":"Hamman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Centre of Wakwa Institute of Agricultural Research for Development Ngaoundere Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Mazeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Egbe F.","family":"Nkongho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences University of Lincoln Lincoln UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor N.","family":"Ngwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Tanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cameroon Academy of Sciences Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory Bamenda Hospital Roundabout Bamenda Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Ndip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases University of Buea Buea Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Bessell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenton L.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease and School of Veterinary Science University of Liverpool Neston UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian G.","family":"Handel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Muwonge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barend M. de C.","family":"Bronsvoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3468596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3522-x"},{"issue":"67","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed\u2010effects models using {lme4}","volume":"1","author":"Bates D.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Milk production in Cameroon: A review","volume":"17","author":"Bayemi P. H.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Livestock Research for Rural Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083175"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-04478-3.50029-4","volume-title":"Leptospirosis. In Handbook of Zoonoses","author":"Colville J. L.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2019.108775"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071501"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"Cameroon Culture Statistics","author":"Department, C. N. S","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","volume-title":"The story of cattle in Africa: Why diversity matters","author":"Dessie T.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"395","volume-title":"Logistic regression. In Veterinary Epidemiologic Research","author":"Dohoo I.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24320"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8020050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","volume-title":"Animal Agriculture in Africa: Opportunities for Growth","author":"FAO","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2559-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Are the Mbororo'en boring, and are the fulbe finished?","volume":"35","author":"Frantz C.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Senri Ethnological Studies"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003257"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","volume-title":"ID Screen\u00ae Brucellosis Serum Indirect Multi\u2010species \u2010 IDVet","author":"ID.Vet"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","volume-title":"ID Screen\u00ae Q Fever Indirect Multi\u2010species \u2010 IDVet","author":"ID.Vet"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0307.1999.tb02073.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","volume-title":"The epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis and influence of liver fluke co\u2010infection in Cameroon, Central Africa","author":"Kelly R. F.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146538"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1742-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15580\/GJAS.2016.8.082216135"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Analysis of complex survey packages","volume":"9","author":"Lumley T.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.02.011"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"617","article-title":"Risk factor analysis for antibodies to Brucella, Leptospira and C. burnetii among cattle in the Adamawa Region of Cameroon: A cross\u2010sectional study","volume":"45","author":"Mazeri S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tropical Animal Health and Production"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00249-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004251"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","volume-title":"Detection of Brucella abortus and Brucellla melitensis in cattle and sheep from southern Cameroon","author":"Mitterran K. N. R.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43932"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.15-0170"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","volume-title":"Contributions of Heifer Project International (HPI) to small\u2010scale dairy development in Cameroon","author":"Njew R. M.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-019-01453-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-017-0251-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","volume-title":"Occupational exposure to Brucella spp.: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","author":"Pereira C. R.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127962"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182019001252"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","volume-title":"psych: Procedures for Psychological, Psychometric, and Personality Research","author":"Revelle W.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.06686-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","volume-title":"RStudio: Integrated development for R","author":"RStudio Team","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3283638104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gfs.2018.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2003.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/000313001317097960"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-010-9607-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008623"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b15179"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","volume-title":"Epitools epidemiological calculators. AusVet Animal Health Services and Australian Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre for Emerging Infectious Disease","author":"Sergeant E.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1999.00473.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3738-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2017.2158"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","volume-title":"QGIS Geographic Information System","author":"Team, Q. D.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1059924X.2015.1010068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","volume-title":"PrioCHECKTM L. hardjo Ab Plate Kit","author":"Thermo Fisher"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0134"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Cameroon Trade Profile 2011. UN Comtrade","author":"United Nations Statistics Division","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002787"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-98141-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","volume-title":"tidyverse: Easily Install and Load the \u201cTidyverse\u201d","author":"Wickham H.","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.12865","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/zph.12865","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.12865","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T05:42:24Z","timestamp":1693287744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/zph.12865"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/zph.12865"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.12865","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1959","1863-2378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-1959","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-2378","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-04-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}