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Urban green space use for health and well\u2010being, climate mitigation or biodiversity goals is promoted, often without consideration for the potential impact on tick encounters or tick\u2010borne disease outcomes. This review synthesizes the results of over 100 publications on questing <jats:italic>I.\u00a0ricinus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> spp. infections in ticks in urban green space in 24 European countries. It presents data on several risk indicators for Lyme borreliosis and highlights key research gaps and recommendations for future studies. Across Europe, mean density of <jats:italic>I.\u00a0ricinus<\/jats:italic> in urban green space was 6.9 (range; 0.1\u201328.8) per 100 m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and mean <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> prevalence was 17.3% (range; 3.1%\u201338.1%). Similar density estimates were obtained for nymphs, which had a <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> prevalence of 14.2% (range; 0.5%\u201386.7%). Few studies provided data on both questing nymph density and <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> prevalence, but those that did found an average of 1.7 (range; 0\u20135.6) <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected nymphs per 100\u00a0m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> of urban green space. Although a wide range of genospecies were reported, <jats:italic>Borrelia afzelii<\/jats:italic> was the most common in most parts of Europe, except for England where <jats:italic>B. garinii<\/jats:italic> was more common. The emerging pathogen <jats:italic>Borrelia miyamotoi<\/jats:italic> was also found in several countries, but with a much lower prevalence (1.5%). Our review highlights that <jats:italic>I.\u00a0ricinus<\/jats:italic> and tick\u2010borne <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> pathogens are found in a wide range of urban green space habitats and across several seasons. The impact of human exposure to <jats:italic>I.\u00a0ricinus<\/jats:italic> and subsequent Lyme borreliosis incidence in urban green space has not been quantified. There is also a need to standardize sampling protocols to generate better baseline data for the density of ticks and <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> prevalence in urban areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]],"date-time":"2022-02-05T05:09:42Z","timestamp":1644037782000},"page":"153-166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Questing <i>Ixodes ricinus<\/i> ticks and <i>Borrelia<\/i> spp. in urban green space across Europe: A review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Kayleigh M.","family":"Hansford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology &amp; Zoonoses Ecology UK Health Security Agency Porton Down UK"},{"name":"European Centre for Environment &amp; Human Health University of Exeter Medical School Truro UK"},{"name":"Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Change &amp; Health Public Health England Porton Down UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedict W.","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Centre for Environment &amp; 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