{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T09:59:31Z","timestamp":1789466371196,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> at different stages of the broiler production chain and layer flocks in addition to their antibiotic resistance profile and molecular patterns. Over a period of 3\u00a0years, different sample matrices were collected from Lebanese farms, slaughterhouses and retail markets. Out of 672 <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> serotyped, 514 were analysed for antimicrobial resistance and 214 for clonality using Pulsed\u2010field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The results highlighted an important prevalence of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>, 30% in farms, 35.8% in slaughterhouses and 22.4% at retail level. A large diversity of serotypes was identified with predominance among <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Infantis (32.9%), <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Enteritidis (28.4%) and <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Kentucky (21.4%). High resistance to nalidixic acid was revealed in all the isolates. The most prominent resistance was exhibited in <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Kentucky and <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Infantis. The latter was resistant to tetracycline (99%), streptomycin (88.2%) and remarkable multi\u2010drug resistance (MDR) (89.7%). All <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0Kentucky isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, MDR (62.4%) and 6% were resistant to extended\u2010spectrum cephalosporin (ESCs). One persistent clone of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Enteritidis was found common between poultry and humans. Similar genomic profiles were detected between farms, slaughterhouses and retail suggesting the dissemination of identical clones throughout the food chain possibly due to weak barriers preventing such transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T06:44:07Z","timestamp":1647585847000},"page":"499-513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A national study through a \u2018Farm\u2010to\u2010fork\u2019 Approach to determine <i>Salmonella<\/i> dissemination along with the Lebanese poultry production chain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Rima","family":"El Hage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fanar Station Food Microbiology Laboratory Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute (LARI)  Jdeideh El\u2010Metn Lebanon"},{"name":"Laboratoire de G\u00e9nie Chimique UMR 5503 CNRS\/INPT\/UPS INP\u2010ENSAT Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse  Castanet\u2010Tolosan France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6786-6376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youssef","family":"El Rayess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Food Engineering School of Engineering Holy Spirit University of Kaslik  Jounieh Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laetitia","family":"Bonifait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health &amp; Safety (ANSES) Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry &amp; Pork Products Laboratory of Ploufragan\u2010Plouzan\u00e9  Ploufragan France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassam","family":"El Hafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Baug\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health &amp; Safety (ANSES) Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry &amp; Pork Products Laboratory of Ploufragan\u2010Plouzan\u00e9  Ploufragan France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Viscogliosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS Inserm, CHU Lille Institut Pasteur de Lille U1019 \u2013 UMR 8204 \u2013 CIIL \u2013 Centre d\u2019Infection et d\u2019Immunit\u00e9 de Lille Universit\u00e9 de Lille  Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7466-5118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mounzer","family":"Hamze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Sant\u00e9 Publique Laboratoire Microbiologie Sant\u00e9 Environnement (LMSE) Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie Universit\u00e9 Libanaise  Tripoli Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Mathieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de G\u00e9nie Chimique UMR 5503 CNRS\/INPT\/UPS INP\u2010ENSAT Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse  Castanet\u2010Tolosan France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghassan M.","family":"Matar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Chemaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health &amp; Safety (ANSES) Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry &amp; Pork Products Laboratory of Ploufragan\u2010Plouzan\u00e9  Ploufragan France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462\u20102920.12351"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"323","volume-title":"Food and feed safety systems and analysis","author":"Blevins R. 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