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Migratory birds are a potential vector for the spread of novel pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes. To date, there has been no comprehensive study investigating the presence of antibiotic resistance (AMR) in the bacteria of Australian shorebirds or terns. In the current study, 1022 individual birds representing 12 species were sampled across three states of Australia (Victoria, South Australia, and Western Australia) and tested for the presence of phenotypically resistant strains of three bacteria with potential to be zoonotic pathogens; <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>spp., and <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>sp. In total, 206 <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic>, 266 <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>spp., and 20 <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>sp. isolates were recovered, with AMR detected in 42% of <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic>, 85% of <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>spp., and 10% of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>sp. Phenotypic resistance was commonly detected to erythromycin (79% of <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>spp.), ciprofloxacin (31% of <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>spp.) and streptomycin (21% of <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic>). Resident birds were more likely to carry AMR bacteria than migratory birds (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.001). Bacteria isolated from shorebirds and terns are commonly resistant to at least one antibiotic, suggesting that wild bird populations serve as a potential reservoir and vector for AMR bacteria. However, globally emerging phenotypes of multidrug\u2010resistant bacteria were not detected in Australian shorebirds. This study provides baseline data of the carriage of AMR bacteria in Australian shorebirds and terns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]],"date-time":"2022-04-23T02:28:47Z","timestamp":1650680927000},"page":"615-624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Presence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>, <i>Enterococcus<\/i>spp. and <i>Salmonella<\/i>sp. in 12 species of Australian shorebirds and terns"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7545-335X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah G.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability Federation University  Churchill Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Bean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability Federation University  Churchill Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohan H.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Loyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems La Trobe University  Wodonga Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Land, Water and Society Charles Sturt University  Albury New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u2010Ann","family":"Larkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability Federation University  Churchill Australia"},{"name":"School of Science, Engineering and Information Technology Federation University  Ballarat Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Hassell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Flyway Network  Broome Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Australasian Wader Studies Group  Broome Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5831-8714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Greenhill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability Federation University  Churchill Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194694"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036934"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00861\u201015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-24.2.299"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15050863"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"188","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; Twenty\u2010second informational supplement","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.130.25.558"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378\u20101097(90)90228\u2010i"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2003.01910.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2017.11.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12834\/VetIt.327.1374.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","volume-title":"Development and dynamics of gut microbial communities of migratory shorebirds in the Western hemisphere","author":"Grond K.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265\u2010018\u20100891\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2019.00242"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.21825\/vdt.87495","article-title":"Enterococcus cecorum osteomyelitis and arthritis in broiler chickens","volume":"78","author":"Herdt P. 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