{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:33:08Z","timestamp":1790127188632,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015900","name":"OVC Pet Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015900","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increasing temperatures due to climate change have contributed to a northward range expansion of <jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic> ticks in Canada. These ticks harbour pathogens of public and animal health significance, including <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>, which cause Lyme disease and anaplasmosis, respectively, in humans, dogs and horses, and <jats:italic>Borrelia miyamotoi<\/jats:italic>, which causes a flu\u2010like relapsing fever in humans<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> To address the risks associated with these vector\u2010borne zoonotic diseases, continuous tick surveillance is advised. This study examined spatial patterns of <jats:italic>B.\u00a0burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>B.\u00a0miyamotoi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>A.\u00a0phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic> from ticks submitted through a national study on ticks of companion animals. From 1 April 2019 to 31 March 2020, we received a total of 1541 eligible submissions from 94 veterinary clinics across Canada. Individual and pooled samples of a maximum of either 5 <jats:italic>I.\u00a0scapularis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>I.\u00a0pacificus<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>I.\u00a0angustus<\/jats:italic> samples from the same animal and of the same life stage were screened using real\u2010time PCR targeting genes 23S rRNA for <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> spp<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>msp2<\/jats:italic> for <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>. Confirmatory testing was conducted on all 23S rRNA positive samples using a duplex assay for ospA and flaB to differentiate <jats:italic>B.\u00a0burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B.\u00a0miyamotoi<\/jats:italic>, respectively. Prevalence estimates were highest (&gt;20%) for <jats:italic>B.\u00a0burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> in southwestern Manitoba, eastern Ontario, southwestern Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Estimates of <jats:italic>B.\u00a0miyamotoi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>A.\u00a0phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic> were much lower (&lt;5%), except for higher <jats:italic>A.\u00a0phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic> (&gt;5%) estimates for southern Manitoba, eastern Ontario and Prince Edward Island. Findings from this study, combined with other surveillance approaches, can be used to guide veterinary and public health approaches for ticks and tick\u2010borne diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T03:25:28Z","timestamp":1660879528000},"page":"944-955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Spatial patterns of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>, <i>Borrelia miyamotoi<\/i> and <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/i> detected in <i>Ixodes<\/i> spp. ticks from Canadian companion animals, 2019\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3066-1515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna E.","family":"Jacob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph  Guelph ON Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Medical Information Processing, Bioinformatics and Epidemiology Ludwig Maximilian University  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1896-1937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey Scott","family":"Weese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph  Guelph ON Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph  Guelph ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Rosseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph  Guelph ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1618-9998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie M.","family":"Clow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph  Guelph ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"PooledInfRate: A Microsoft\u00ae office excel\u00a9 add\u2010in to compute prevalence estimates from pooled samples","author":"Biggerstaff B.","year":"2009"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"693","article-title":"Special report: The increasing risk of Lyme disease in Canada","volume":"56","author":"Bouchard C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7043737"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.3.589\u2013595.1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjz155"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2019.100083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1890"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.7.3164\u20133168.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756\u20103305\u20107\u2010183"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071\u2010019\u20103299\u20109"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"1107","article-title":"Ixodes scapularis ticks and Borrelia burgdorferi on Prince Edward Island: Passive tick surveillance and canine seroprevalence","volume":"61","author":"Foley\u2010Eby A. 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