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Previous studies have suggested that Australian wildlife may be a potential <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> infection source for humans. However, a recent serological survey of AWR found no association between <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> exposure and direct contact with any wildlife species. To further explore the potential risk that wildlife may pose, this study aimed to identify associations between self\u2010reported Q fever in AWR and risk factors for exposure to <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>. An online cross\u2010sectional survey was implemented in 2018 targeting AWR nationwide. Risk factors for self\u2010reported Q fever were determined using multivariable logistic regression. Medically diagnosed Q fever was self\u2010reported in 4.5% (13\/287) of unvaccinated respondents. Rehabilitators who self\u2010reported medically diagnosed Q fever were significantly more likely to: primarily rehabilitate wildlife at a veterinary clinic (OR 17.87, 95% CI: 3.09\u2013110.92), have domestic ruminants residing on the property where they rehabilitate wildlife (OR 11.75, 95% CI: 2.91\u201357.42), have been educated at a High School\/Technical and Further Education level (OR 10.29, 95% CI: 2.13\u201384.03) and be aged &gt;50\u2009years (OR 6.61, 95% CI: 1.60\u201338.35). No association was found between self\u2010reported Q fever and direct contact with wildlife. These findings support previous work suggesting that AWR are at increased risk of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> infection and may develop Q fever potentially via exposure to traditional infection sources including livestock, other domestic animals, or contaminated environments, in association with their rehabilitation practices and lifestyle. Although Q fever vaccination is recommended for AWR, vaccine uptake is low in this population. Future studies should aim to determine the level of Q fever awareness and identify barriers to Q fever vaccination in this at\u2010risk group. The difficulty in accessing the AWR population also highlights the need for a national centralized AWR database.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T05:19:08Z","timestamp":1665638348000},"page":"69-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Risk factors associated with self\u2010reported Q fever in Australian wildlife rehabilitators: Findings from an online survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8320-5244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen O.","family":"Mathews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cathie","family":"Savage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0003-6930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline M.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Phalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Malikides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Sheehy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrina L.","family":"Bosward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. 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