{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T21:00:32Z","timestamp":1765486832495,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006371","name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Universitaria Iberoamericana de Postgrado","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006371","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008679","name":"Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008679","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Domestic pigs are considered as one of the main intermediate hosts in the zoonotic transmission of <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> in many countries. Serological and molecular studies are warranted to better understand the epidemiology and transmission patterns of this parasite worldwide. To date, seroepidemiological information on <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> in domestic pigs in Cuba is very scarce and there are no reports of <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> genotypes circulating in this country. Here, we aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> and provide genetic characterization of the strains circulating in slaughtered pigs intended for human consumption in Central Cuba. Seroprevalence was determined in 450 serum samples from slaughtered pigs in Villa Clara province using ELISA. Anti\u2010<jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> IgG antibodies were detected in 100 animals (22.2%, 95% CI: 18.5\u201326.2). Conventional PCR of the 529\u2010bp marker of <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> was performed in hearts and diaphragm tissues of all ELISA\u2010seropositive pigs. <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> DNA was detected in four animals. Further genetic characterization of the positive DNA samples was performed by multilocus PCR\u2010RFLP and PCR\u2010sequencing typing tools. Molecular analysis revealed four different genetic profiles that were combinations of type I, II, III and u\u20101 alleles, suggesting the circulation of non\u2010clonal genotypes of <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> in domestic pigs in Cuba. Our results indicate that <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> is widely distributed in slaughtered pigs in this country, which might have important implications for public health. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on genetic characterization of <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> in Cuba. Although preliminary, the results suggest a high genetic diversity of <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> in the study region. Further studies based on parasite isolation are needed to definitively identify the genotypes circulating and characterize the virulence of strains detected in pigs in Cuba, and to assess the risk of zoonotic transmission from pork products in this country.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T12:16:18Z","timestamp":1669205778000},"page":"125-133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Seroprevalence and genetic characterization of <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> in domestic pigs intended for human consumption in Cuba"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Julio C\u00e9sar","family":"Castillo\u2010Cuenca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Central \u201cMarta Abreu\u201d de Las Villas  Santa Clara Villa Clara Cuba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0558-5488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Almer\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virulence Assessment, Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA)  Laurel Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2323-0135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Calero\u2010Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Escobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Fraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitolog\u00eda Instituto de Medicina Tropical \u201cPedro Kour\u00ed\u201d  La Habana Cuba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Entrena\u2010Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitolog\u00eda Centro Nacional Para La Producci\u00f3n de Animales de Laboratorio (CENPALAB)  La Habana Cuba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro Casanova","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitolog\u00eda Instituto de Medicina Tropical \u201cPedro Kour\u00ed\u201d  La Habana Cuba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4298-6894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Mart\u00ednez\u2010Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Unidad de Parasitolog\u00eda, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba  C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3388-2604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Bocanegra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba  C\u00f3rdoba Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC, ISCIII \u2013 CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE\u20103184.1"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Presentaci\u00f3n de un caso con toxoplasmosis cong\u00e9nita","volume":"42","author":"Amador Mor\u00e1n R.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Revista Cubana de Obstetricia y 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