{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:54:03Z","timestamp":1792623243880,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007155","name":"Medical Research Council Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Q fever represents an important \u2018neglected zoonosis\u2019, with high prevalences recorded across the Middle East region. Among rural desert\u2010dwelling communities in the region, camel milk is largely consumed raw, due to perceptions of dromedaries as a uniquely clean livestock species mentioned in the Qur'an and Islamic hadith, while milk from other livestock species is usually boiled. As a result, camels present a unique public health threat among such communities from milk\u2010borne pathogens, including\n                    <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii.<\/jats:italic>\n                    In view of this, a cross\u2010sectional study was conducted among dromedary herds in southern Jordan between September 2017 and October 2018, including 404 camels from 121 randomly selected herds. In addition, 510 household members associated with these herds were interviewed regarding potential high\u2010risk practices for zoonotic transmission. Weight adjusted camel population seroprevalence for\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u00a0burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    was 49.6% (95% CI: 44.7\u201354.5), with evidence of maternally derived immunity in calves \u22646\u2009months old. Adjusted herd\u2010level prevalence was 76.0% (95% CI 72.7\u201380.2). It was estimated 30.4% (144\/477) of individuals consumed raw milk from infected herds monthly or more. Following multivariable logistic regression analysis, seropositive status in camels was found to be associated with increasing age, high herd tick burdens, keeping the herd together throughout the year including when calving, and owning larger (&gt;50) sheep and goat flocks, with goats presenting a higher risk than sheep. Racing camel status was found to be protective. Socioculturally appropriate interventions aimed at raising awareness of potential risks associated with drinking raw camel milk, alongside appropriate livestock management interventions, should be considered.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T04:35:09Z","timestamp":1672893309000},"page":"238-247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A cross\u2010sectional study of Q fever in Camels: Risk factors for infection, the role of small ruminants and public health implications for desert\u2010dwelling pastoral communities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6648-9724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Holloway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Veterinary College  Hatfield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Veterinary College  Hatfield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Holloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Cardwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Veterinary College  Hatfield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilal","family":"Al\u00a0Omari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology  Ar\u2010Ramtha Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2848-9461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehab","family":"Abu\u2010Basha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology  Ar\u2010Ramtha Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Punam","family":"Mangtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Guitian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Veterinary College  Hatfield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2020.2578-2586"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2015.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"Al\u2010Gh\u0101shiyah S.Qur'an Surra 88 verses 17\u201320."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2013.464"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/91.2.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2706.204902"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816001825"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1993.00410050074010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12337"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab476"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1667-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.558481"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(96)00938-7"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"337","article-title":"Acute Q fever in Israel: clinical and laboratory study of 100 hospitalized patients","volume":"8","author":"Ergas D.","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Israel Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-019-01807-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency.Coxevac inactivatedCoxiella burnetiivaccine. 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