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A cross\u2010sectional study was carried out to determine the exposure to <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> in equids in Europe. Serum samples from 1399 equids (1085 horses, 238 donkeys, and 76 mules\/hinnies) bred in four European countries (Italy, Spain, United Kingdom [UK], and Ireland) were collected during the period of 2013\u20132021. The overall seroprevalence of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> was 18.9% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 16.9\u201321.0) by using the modified agglutination test (MAT) at a cut\u2010off of 1:25. Seropositivity by country was 27.1% in Italy, 16.6% in Spain, 12.0% in UK and 7.0% in Ireland. Anti\u2010<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> antibodies were detected in 12.8% of the horses, 43.7% of the donkeys, and in 28.9% of the mules\/hinnies. A Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) analysis was carried out to study the associations between seropositivity and explanatory variables related to individuals, herds, and management measures on these herds, selected based on the bivariate analysis. The risk for being seropositive for <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> was 5.3 and 2.7 times higher in donkeys and mules\/hinnies than in horses, respectively. In addition, significantly higher seropositivity was observed in horses from herds that used disinfectants less than once a week (13.9%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.038, odds ratio [OR]\u00a0=\u00a01.6; 95% CI: 1.03\u20132.62) compared with those from herds that performed weekly disinfection of the facilities (9.4%). This is the first large\u2010scale seroepidemiological study on <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> comprising horses, donkeys, and mules\/hinnies in Europe and the first report of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> exposure in horses from Ireland and UK. We found a widespread distribution of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> among equid populations in different European countries. The seroprevalence found in these species, especially in donkeys and mules\/hinnies, highlights the potential risk of human infection through the consumption of their raw\/undercooked milk or meat.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T12:02:01Z","timestamp":1674475321000},"page":"276-283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Seroepidemiological study of <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> in equids in different European countries"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5657-2567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Cano\u2010Terriza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n GISAZ, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba  C\u00f3rdoba Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC, ISCIII \u2010 CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan J.","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inmunolog\u00eda y Gen\u00e9tica Aplicada, S.A. (EUROFINS \u2010 INGENASA)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduard","family":"Jose\u2010Cunilleras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei de Medicina Interna Equina, Departament de Medicina Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterin\u00e0ria Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Buono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Almer\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virulence Assessment, Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA)  Laurel Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2496-4034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Veneziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Alguacil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uplands Way Vets  Diss UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fethard Equine Hospital  Tipperary Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Villena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Reims Champagne\u2010Ardenne, EA 7510, National Reference Centre for Toxoplasmosis, Laboratory of Parasitology, Reims Hospital  Reims France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitender P.","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Beltsville Agricultural Research Center  Beltsville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora","family":"Jim\u00e9nez\u2010Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n GISAZ, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba  C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3388-2604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Bocanegra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n GISAZ, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba  C\u00f3rdoba Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC, ISCIII \u2010 CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3280181"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2015014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2015.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436\u2010010\u20101929\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"CFSPH. 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